Universo simbólico e representações maternas sobre as práticas dos cuidados em puericultura
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Data
2011
Autores
Souza, Rosangela Ferreira de [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Brêtas, Ana Cristina Passarella [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Estudo etnografico realizado com seis maes de criancas atendidas na puericultura de uma Unidade Basica de Saúde da periferia de São Paulo. Objetivou descrever e analisar parte das representacoes sociais e o universo simbolico deste grupo de maes acerca das praticas de cuidado materno e da propria maternidade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista individual, tres entrevistas em grupo e a observacao da pesquisadora como profissional que trabalha nesta unidade, e foram interpretados por meio da descricao densa. As narrativas apontaram a maternidade como um sonho, uma realizacao e dedicacao total ao filho. As maes sao consideradas as cuidadoras principais da crianca, recebem ajuda do esposo, mas ha um recorte de genero quanto aos cuidados, sendo que os mais complexos nao sao realizados por homens, visto que acham que estes nao levam jeito para os mesmos. Os cuidados que trouxeram mais dificuldade e medo em sua realizacao por elas foram o banho do recem nascido, cuidado com o coto umbilical, limpeza do ouvido, manipulacao da cabeca devido as fontanelas. O aleitamento materno foi considerado um dos cuidados mais importante para a Saúde dos filhos, e tambem considerado benefico para as maes, sendo ressaltada a importancia do mesmo para perda do peso ganho na gravidez de forma mais rapida; todas as maes apresentaram dificuldades no inicio da pratica da amamentacao, mas nao houve desmame devido a estas. Algumas respostas remeteram a necessidade de se repensar o fluxo das atividades profissionais na unidade de Saúde, bem como melhora da comunicacao entre os profissionais, uniformizacao das condutas e orientacoes destes, necessidade de maior suporte a estas maes via atividades em grupos e/ou formas de atrair os usuarios para os grupos realizados. Estes achados sao oriundos de cuidados nao realizados como preconizados por algum problema relacionado com o servico. As mulheres estudadas sao assiduas ao servico de Saúde e seguem boa parte das orientacoes recebidas no mesmo, mas tambem se valem de cuidados tradicionais e populares como benzedeiras, chas, oracao em templo e igreja quando ha necessidades de Saúde. A ajuda e interferencia de familiares e vizinhos no cuidado a crianca ocorreram quando da dificuldade ou medo da mae para os cuidados. Todas as criancas sofreram quedas as quais estavam relacionadas com a crenca de que crianca pequena que ainda nao rola na cama nao cai ou de que alguns obstaculos sao suficientes para prevenir a queda. As mulheres estudadas consideram que cuidar bem da crianca e realizar boa parte dos cuidados trabalhados neste estudo da melhor maneira possivel, o que demonstra a importancia de tais temas para as mesmas e para um impacto positivo no 9 desenvolvimento das criancas, cabendo a nos profissionais que as atendemos trabalhar tais questoes de uma forma melhor e mais abrangente, se atentando ao que oferece mais dificuldade e medo as maes, as crencas que levam a alguns problemas e melhorando o processo de trabalho nos servicos de Saúde. Esperamos que os resultados contribuam para uma melhor abordagem dos profissionais nos atendimentos de puericultura
This ethnographic study was done with six mothers of children cared at the child care department of Health Basic Unity of São Paulo suburb. Its aim is to describe and to analyze part of social representations and the symbolic universe of this mothers‟ group about practices of maternal care and maternity. The data were collected through an individual interview, three group interviews and observation of this researcher, being her employee of this unity. They were interpreted using dense description. Narratives indicated maternity as a dream, a realization and total devotion to the child. Mothers are considered the mainly child caretaker. Husbands help them, but there are specifications of gender relating to care, being the complex ones not done by man, because they think that they are not able to do them. Care processes, which were more difficult to do and let them insecure, were the newborn bath, umbilical cord care, ear care, moving head due to the fontanelles. The breastfeeding was considered one of the most important care to child health, and also considered beneficial to mothers, being emphasized the importance of this to lose pregnancy weight in a fast way; all mothers had difficulties to begin the breastfeeding, however there weren‟t wean. Some answers indicated the need to reformulate the professional activities at the health unity, as well as to improve the communication among the employees, to unify the guidelines, to give attention to mothers‟ needs through group activities and/or to set up ways to keep people at groups that are being done. These results came from care that weren‟t done due to a specific problem related to the service. Women of this research often go to health care and follow almost all orientations, but they also use traditional and popular care as faith healer, tea, prayer in church or temple. Interference or help from neighbors or relatives to take care the child happened when mother was afraid or had difficulties to do it. Every child fell down, these falls were related to the belief that young child who doesn‟t roll along the bed, doesn‟t fall or some obstacles are enough to avoid fall. Women of this research considered as a good child care is to do, as best as they can, the most part the taught care. This attitude shows how important these themes are to them and a positive effect in the child development, then it is very important, as professionals, we work on these matters as best as we can and in a comprehensive way, always paying attention to the most difficult aspects, to mothers‟ fears, to beliefs which can bring some problems and improving the health care at the unity. We hope that these results can contribute to a better professional approach during the child care.
This ethnographic study was done with six mothers of children cared at the child care department of Health Basic Unity of São Paulo suburb. Its aim is to describe and to analyze part of social representations and the symbolic universe of this mothers‟ group about practices of maternal care and maternity. The data were collected through an individual interview, three group interviews and observation of this researcher, being her employee of this unity. They were interpreted using dense description. Narratives indicated maternity as a dream, a realization and total devotion to the child. Mothers are considered the mainly child caretaker. Husbands help them, but there are specifications of gender relating to care, being the complex ones not done by man, because they think that they are not able to do them. Care processes, which were more difficult to do and let them insecure, were the newborn bath, umbilical cord care, ear care, moving head due to the fontanelles. The breastfeeding was considered one of the most important care to child health, and also considered beneficial to mothers, being emphasized the importance of this to lose pregnancy weight in a fast way; all mothers had difficulties to begin the breastfeeding, however there weren‟t wean. Some answers indicated the need to reformulate the professional activities at the health unity, as well as to improve the communication among the employees, to unify the guidelines, to give attention to mothers‟ needs through group activities and/or to set up ways to keep people at groups that are being done. These results came from care that weren‟t done due to a specific problem related to the service. Women of this research often go to health care and follow almost all orientations, but they also use traditional and popular care as faith healer, tea, prayer in church or temple. Interference or help from neighbors or relatives to take care the child happened when mother was afraid or had difficulties to do it. Every child fell down, these falls were related to the belief that young child who doesn‟t roll along the bed, doesn‟t fall or some obstacles are enough to avoid fall. Women of this research considered as a good child care is to do, as best as they can, the most part the taught care. This attitude shows how important these themes are to them and a positive effect in the child development, then it is very important, as professionals, we work on these matters as best as we can and in a comprehensive way, always paying attention to the most difficult aspects, to mothers‟ fears, to beliefs which can bring some problems and improving the health care at the unity. We hope that these results can contribute to a better professional approach during the child care.
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Citação
SOUZA, Rosangela Ferreira de. Universo simbólico e representações maternas sobre as práticas dos cuidados em puericultura. 2011. 109 f.
Dissertação (Mestrado) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2011.