Avaliação de parâmetros de qualidade do diesel vendido em postos de abastecimento
Arquivos
Data
2022-02-08
Autores
Basso, Bruno Henrique 
Orientadores
Barbosa, Lúcio Leonel
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O petróleo é uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos com pequenas quantidades de
nitrogênio, oxigênio, enxofre e componentes metálicos que produz uma variedade de
produtos energéticos. Dentre eles, destaca-se o Diesel, que é o principal combustível
consumido no Brasil devido ao setor de transporte apresentar modal predominantemente
rodoviário. O diesel é alvo de adulterações que partem da premissa de acrescentar
algum produto mais barato e com boa miscibilidade ao combustível. A adulteração do
combustível altera suas propriedades físicas e químicas, podendo gerar uma série de
prejuízos econômicos e ambientais, como, por exemplo, danos ao motor do carro,
aumento da emissão de gases poluentes, aumento do consumo de combustível,
dificuldade de partida a frio, entre outros. A ANP (Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás e
Biocombustíveis) estabeleceu uma série de parâmetros de qualidade que devem ser
obedecidos de forma obrigatória em todo o território nacional. Neste trabalho,
analisou-se a massa específica, viscosidade cinemática, cor e aspecto em amostras do
diesel S10 de postos de abastecimento do município de Santos/SP. Além disso, a
variação da viscosidade cinemática foi analisada por meio da adulteração de Diesel com
diferentes percentuais volumétricos de óleo de milho e álcool etílico anidro. Os
resultados levaram à conclusão que das cinco amostras coletadas, em quatro houve
convergências com os parâmetros convencionados pela ANP e em apenas uma amostra
houve a indicação de não conformidade, no caso, em relação à massa específica. As
viscosidades cinemáticas das amostras coletadas foram muito semelhantes, variando
entre 2,34 mm²/s e 2,48 mm²/s , e obteve-se que a relação entre a viscosidade e a
temperatura das amostras de diesel S10 são inversamente proporcionais, tendendo a não
linearidade. Quanto à adulteração do diesel S10 com óleo de milho, a viscosidade
cinemática variou de 2,4 mm²/s até 27,2 mm²/s, e em relação à adulteração do diesel
S10 com álcool etílico anidro, a viscosidade cinemática das misturas variaram entre 2,4
mm²/s e 1,0 mm²/s. Além disso, as amostras de combustível, a partir da porcentagem
volumétrica de 20% de ambos adulterantes na mistura, não atendem aos critérios de
qualidade estabelecidos pela ANP para a viscosidade cinemática.
Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with small quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and metallic compounds, which produces a variety of energetic products. Among them, diesel stands out as the main fuel consumed in Brazil due the transportation sector presenting predominantly road modal. Diesel is the target of adulterations that begin with the premise of adding some cheaper product and with good miscibility in the fuel. The adulteration in the fuel can change its physical and chemical properties, which can bring a series of economic and environmental harms, such as, for example, car’s engine damages, increasing the emission of greenhouse gases, cold start difficulty, among others. ANP (National Agency of Oil, Gas and Biofuels) established a series of quality parameters that must be compulsorily obeyed throughout the national territory. In this work, the specific mass, kinematic viscosity, color and aspect were analyzed in S10 diesel samples from gas stations in the city of Santos/SP. Besides this, the kinematic viscosity variation was analyzed through the adulteration of diesel samples with different volumetric percentages of corn oil and anhydrous ethyl alcohol. The results show that in four samples gathered there were convergences with the parameters established by ANP and in only one sample there was an indication of non-compliance, which was the specific mass. The kinematic viscosity of the gathered samples were very similar, ranging between 2,34 mm²/s and 2,48 mm²/s, and it was found that the relationship between viscosity and temperature of S10 diesel samples is inversely proportional, trending to non-linearity. Regarding the adulteration of S10 diesel with corn oil, the kinematic viscosity ranged between 2,4 mm²/s to 27,2 mm²/s, and concerning the the adulteration of S10 diesel with anhydrous ethyl alcohol, the kinematic viscosity of the mixtures ranged between 2,4 mm²/s and 1 mm²/s. Moreover, the fuel samples, from the volumetric percentage of 20% of both adulterants in the mixture, do not meet the quality criteria established by ANP for the kinematic viscosity.
Oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with small quantities of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and metallic compounds, which produces a variety of energetic products. Among them, diesel stands out as the main fuel consumed in Brazil due the transportation sector presenting predominantly road modal. Diesel is the target of adulterations that begin with the premise of adding some cheaper product and with good miscibility in the fuel. The adulteration in the fuel can change its physical and chemical properties, which can bring a series of economic and environmental harms, such as, for example, car’s engine damages, increasing the emission of greenhouse gases, cold start difficulty, among others. ANP (National Agency of Oil, Gas and Biofuels) established a series of quality parameters that must be compulsorily obeyed throughout the national territory. In this work, the specific mass, kinematic viscosity, color and aspect were analyzed in S10 diesel samples from gas stations in the city of Santos/SP. Besides this, the kinematic viscosity variation was analyzed through the adulteration of diesel samples with different volumetric percentages of corn oil and anhydrous ethyl alcohol. The results show that in four samples gathered there were convergences with the parameters established by ANP and in only one sample there was an indication of non-compliance, which was the specific mass. The kinematic viscosity of the gathered samples were very similar, ranging between 2,34 mm²/s and 2,48 mm²/s, and it was found that the relationship between viscosity and temperature of S10 diesel samples is inversely proportional, trending to non-linearity. Regarding the adulteration of S10 diesel with corn oil, the kinematic viscosity ranged between 2,4 mm²/s to 27,2 mm²/s, and concerning the the adulteration of S10 diesel with anhydrous ethyl alcohol, the kinematic viscosity of the mixtures ranged between 2,4 mm²/s and 1 mm²/s. Moreover, the fuel samples, from the volumetric percentage of 20% of both adulterants in the mixture, do not meet the quality criteria established by ANP for the kinematic viscosity.
Descrição
Citação
BASSO, Bruno Henrique. Avaliação de parâmetros de qualidade do diesel vendido em postos de abastecimento. 2022. 44 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.