Efeitos de dietas na prevenção e gestão da obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Data
2024-08-28
Autores
Lembe, Carolina Gonçalves 
Orientadores
Caperuto, Luciana Chagas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas o número de pessoas com obesidade ou sobrepeso tem crescido rapidamente, tornando-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública mundial, estando o excesso de peso associado a várias doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), como hipertensão arterial, doenças cardio e cerebrovasculares, câncer, entre outras. O aumento de peso também pode ocasionar problemas no controle e remissão do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Nesse cenário, muitas pessoas buscam perder peso rapidamente fazendo dietas extremas, geralmente com alta restrição calórica, tais como as dietas “low-carb”, jejum intermitente, entre outras. No entanto, por apresentarem quantidades muito baixas em gorduras, carboidratos ou ambos, pela complexidade da dieta ou opiniões divergentes sobre o que seria considerado saudável ou prejudicial à saúde, estas dietas podem não ser bem compreendidas pelo público de maneira geral e consequentemente serem feitas de forma incorreta. Dessa forma, uma revisão narrativa da literatura foi realizada para elucidar o impacto causado por diferentes tipos de dietas na prevenção e gerenciamento da obesidade e do DM2. Foi observado que dietas contendo a substituição total inicial de refeições por fórmulas hipocalóricas seguidas da reintrodução gradual de alimentos, assim como as dietas vegana e mediterrânea, se mostraram potencialmente eficazes no controle e prevenção de DM2 e obesidade. Contudo, existe a necessidade de pesquisas futuras explorarem os efeitos cardiovasculares a longo prazo, a aceitabilidade e o custo-benefício das dietas analisadas, fornecendo uma visão mais ampla e completa das diferentes dietas ofertadas.
In recent decades, the number of obese or overweight people has grown rapidly, becoming one of the world's biggest public health problems. Excess weight is associated with various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and cancer, among others. Weight gain can also cause problems in the control and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this scenario, many people try to lose weight quickly by going on extreme diets, usually with high-calorie restrictions, such as low-carb diets, and intermittent fasting, among others. However, because they are very low in fat, carbohydrates, or both, because of the complexity of the diet or differing opinions about what would be considered healthy or unhealthy, these diets may not be well understood by the general public and may be done incorrectly. Therefore, a narrative review of the literature was carried out to elucidate the impact of different diets on the prevention and management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was observed that diets containing the initial total replacement of meals with low-calorie formulas followed by the gradual reintroduction of foods, and vegan and Mediterranean diets are potentially effective in the control and prevention of T2DM and obesity. However, there is a need for future research to explore the long-term cardiovascular effects, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of the diets analyzed, providing a broader and more complete view of the different diets offered.
In recent decades, the number of obese or overweight people has grown rapidly, becoming one of the world's biggest public health problems. Excess weight is associated with various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases, and cancer, among others. Weight gain can also cause problems in the control and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this scenario, many people try to lose weight quickly by going on extreme diets, usually with high-calorie restrictions, such as low-carb diets, and intermittent fasting, among others. However, because they are very low in fat, carbohydrates, or both, because of the complexity of the diet or differing opinions about what would be considered healthy or unhealthy, these diets may not be well understood by the general public and may be done incorrectly. Therefore, a narrative review of the literature was carried out to elucidate the impact of different diets on the prevention and management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was observed that diets containing the initial total replacement of meals with low-calorie formulas followed by the gradual reintroduction of foods, and vegan and Mediterranean diets are potentially effective in the control and prevention of T2DM and obesity. However, there is a need for future research to explore the long-term cardiovascular effects, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of the diets analyzed, providing a broader and more complete view of the different diets offered.