Crise econômica e fome nos estertores da ditadura civil-militar: os saques aos supermercados na cidade de são paulo em abril de 1983 nas páginas da mídia impressa brasileira do período
Data
2023-12-14
Autores
Trindade, Marcos Marques de Sousa 
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente trabalho é resultado da análise de como os saques aos supermercados na cidade de São Paulo, ocorridos nos primeiros dias de abril de 1983, foram retratados e descritos nas páginas de alguns dos principais veículos da mídia impressa brasileira do período. Duas foram as motivações principais para a realização desse trabalho. A primeira, e mais importante, advém das lembranças e memórias de infância, contemporâneo que fui dos acontecimentos. Então com 8 anos de idade e outras preocupações, jamais entendi o motivo que levou o meu pai a estocar uma grande quantidade de mantimentos em casa naqueles conturbados dias de abril de 1983. Só lembro que muitos supermercados fecharam, e eu, na minha inocência infantil, não conseguia entender o porquê. Muitos anos depois, movido por uma reportagem televisiva, meu pai finalmente me contou os detalhes daqueles dias. Como passava diariamente pelo centro da cidade para ir ao seu trabalho, as imagens dos populares saqueando as lojas e supermercados da região, mesmo com todo o aparato policial, o impressionaram e amedrontaram. A segunda, e não menos importante, foi rebater o discurso padrão adotado, desde 2018 em diante, de que a ditadura civil-militar representou um período positivo, economicamente falando, para os mais pobres. Para tal, seria preciso resgatar dados concretos, estudos e notícias do período que contextualizassem não somente os saques, que foram os resultados mais visíveis de uma política econômica perversa adotada desde a década de 70, mas também todo o ambiente político pelo qual o país atravessava, prestes a concluir a tão propalada transição “lenta, gradual e segura” apregoada pelo regime. Esse desafio resultou em uma pesquisa, que foi realizada tendo como fontes primárias as edições dos periódicos “Folha de S.Paulo”, “O Estado de S. Paulo” e “Jornal do Brasil” entre os dias 05 e 08 de abril de 1983, a edição n° 720 do Pasquim, que circulou na semana entre os dias 14 e 20 de abril de 1983, além da edição número 329 da Revista IstoÉ, publicada no dia 13 de abril de 1983 e que trouxe como notícia principal de capa justamente os saques em São Paulo. Vivia-se, então, o apagar das luzes do regime militar iniciado dezenove anos antes, com o golpe deflagrado em 31 de março de 1964, e que seria encerrado vinte e um anos depois com a posse de José Sarney em 14 de março de 1985, vice do presidente eleito indiretamente, Tancredo Neves, que não chegou a tomar posse por conta da doença que o acometeu. Os episódios ocorreram entre os dias 04 e 06 de abril de 1983, e tiveram como estopim uma repressão violenta, por parte da polícia, contra uma manifestação pacífica de trabalhadores e desempregados que protestavam contra a crise econômica estabelecida e o alto desemprego dela resultante. A onda de saques, “quebra-quebra” e arrastões se estendeu por mais de 70 horas e se espalhou como pólvora por vários pontos da capital paulista, tendo as regiões de Santo Amaro e do Centro como as mais afetadas. O trabalho também procurou apontar as contradições entre o crescimento da economia resultante do chamado “milagre econômico” e a situação de fome e desemprego surgidas a partir dessas políticas econômicas, que tiveram como ápice, justamente, os acontecimentos abordados nesse trabalho.
The present work is the result of the analysis of how the looting of supermarkets in the city of São Paulo, which occurred in the first days of April 1983, were portrayed and described in the pages of some of the main Brazilian print media outlets of the period. There were two main motivations for carrying out this work. The first, and most important, comes from childhood memories, contemporary with the events that I was. So at the age of 8 and with other worries, I never understood why my father had to stock a large amount of food at home in those troubled days of April 1983. I just remember that many supermarkets closed, and I, in my childhood innocence , I couldn't understand why. Many years later, prompted by a television report, my father finally told me the details of those days. As he passed through the city center every day to go to work, the images of people looting the stores and supermarkets in the region, even with all the police equipment, impressed and frightened him. The second, and no less important, was to refute the standard discourse adopted since 2018 onwards that the civil-military dictatorship represented a positive period, economically speaking, for the poorest. To do so, it would be necessary to retrieve concrete data, studies and news from the period that contextualized not only the looting, which were the most visible results of a perverse economic policy adopted since the 1970s, but also the entire political environment that the country was going through. , about to conclude the much-vaunted “slow, gradual and safe” transition proclaimed by the regime. This challenge resulted in research, which was carried out using as primary sources the editions of the periodicals “Folha de S.Paulo”, “O Estado de S. Paulo” and “Jornal do Brasil” between the 5th and 8th of April 1983, the edition no. 720 of Pasquim, which circulated in the week between April 14 and 20, 1983, in addition to issue number 329 of Revista IstoÉ, published on April 13, 1983 and which featured as its main cover story precisely the looting in São Paulo. At that time, the military regime that began nineteen years earlier, with the coup triggered on March 31, 1964, was going out, and which would end less than twenty-one years later with the inauguration of José Sarney on March 14, 1985., vice president of the indirectly elected president, Tancredo Neves, who did not take office due to the illness that affected him. The episodes occurred between the 4th and 6th of April 1983, and were triggered by a violent repression, by the police, against a peaceful demonstration of workers and unemployed people protesting against the established economic crisis and the resulting high unemployment. The wave of looting, “break-and-break” and dragnets lasted for more than 70 hours and spread like wildfire across several parts of the capital of São Paulo, with the regions of Santo Amaro and Centro being the most affected. The work also sought to point out the contradictions between the growth of the economy resulting from the so-called “economic miracle” and the situation of hunger and unemployment arising from these economic policies, which culminated precisely in the events covered in this work.
The present work is the result of the analysis of how the looting of supermarkets in the city of São Paulo, which occurred in the first days of April 1983, were portrayed and described in the pages of some of the main Brazilian print media outlets of the period. There were two main motivations for carrying out this work. The first, and most important, comes from childhood memories, contemporary with the events that I was. So at the age of 8 and with other worries, I never understood why my father had to stock a large amount of food at home in those troubled days of April 1983. I just remember that many supermarkets closed, and I, in my childhood innocence , I couldn't understand why. Many years later, prompted by a television report, my father finally told me the details of those days. As he passed through the city center every day to go to work, the images of people looting the stores and supermarkets in the region, even with all the police equipment, impressed and frightened him. The second, and no less important, was to refute the standard discourse adopted since 2018 onwards that the civil-military dictatorship represented a positive period, economically speaking, for the poorest. To do so, it would be necessary to retrieve concrete data, studies and news from the period that contextualized not only the looting, which were the most visible results of a perverse economic policy adopted since the 1970s, but also the entire political environment that the country was going through. , about to conclude the much-vaunted “slow, gradual and safe” transition proclaimed by the regime. This challenge resulted in research, which was carried out using as primary sources the editions of the periodicals “Folha de S.Paulo”, “O Estado de S. Paulo” and “Jornal do Brasil” between the 5th and 8th of April 1983, the edition no. 720 of Pasquim, which circulated in the week between April 14 and 20, 1983, in addition to issue number 329 of Revista IstoÉ, published on April 13, 1983 and which featured as its main cover story precisely the looting in São Paulo. At that time, the military regime that began nineteen years earlier, with the coup triggered on March 31, 1964, was going out, and which would end less than twenty-one years later with the inauguration of José Sarney on March 14, 1985., vice president of the indirectly elected president, Tancredo Neves, who did not take office due to the illness that affected him. The episodes occurred between the 4th and 6th of April 1983, and were triggered by a violent repression, by the police, against a peaceful demonstration of workers and unemployed people protesting against the established economic crisis and the resulting high unemployment. The wave of looting, “break-and-break” and dragnets lasted for more than 70 hours and spread like wildfire across several parts of the capital of São Paulo, with the regions of Santo Amaro and Centro being the most affected. The work also sought to point out the contradictions between the growth of the economy resulting from the so-called “economic miracle” and the situation of hunger and unemployment arising from these economic policies, which culminated precisely in the events covered in this work.
Descrição
Citação
TRINDADE, Marcos Marques de Sousa. Crise econômica e fome nos estertores da ditadura civil-militar: os saques aos supermercados na cidade de São Paulo em abril de 1983 nas páginas da mídia impressa brasileira do período. 2023. 60 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Licenciatura em História) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, 2023