Processos para o tratamento de água produzida de petróleo
Arquivos
Data
2022-02-02
Autores
Rosa, Guilherme Moraes 
Orientadores
Moraes, José Ermírio Ferreira de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
A água produzida de petróleo é o principal efluente gerado durante o processo de extração de petróleo, apresentando elevadas vazões e contendo uma série de componentes químicos danosos ao meio ambiente. Os impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado da água produzida em corpos receptores (oceanos, por exemplo), ainda não foram totalmente definidos. Porém, espera-se que, ao longo do tempo, esses problemas ambientais sejam mais bem descritos, levando a um maior rigor na legislação e, portanto, limites mais restritos das concentrações dos poluentes presentes, evidenciando a importância de pesquisas de processos para o tratamento desse tipo de efluente. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo discutir os principais processos, atualmente aplicados, para o tratamento da água produzida de petróleo, além de analisar outros métodos alternativos, incluindo os processos oxidativos avançados, que têm sido mais estudados na literatura científica recente, sendo possível, também, selecionar alguns processos mais adequados do ponto de vista técnico e econômico. Além disso, o presente trabalho buscou apresentar possíveis combinações de processos para o tratamento da água produzida, envolvendo diferentes etapas para a remoção de diversos poluentes, tais como: sais, compostos inorgânicos, óleos e/ou graxas e compostos orgânicos solúveis. Por fim, o estudo de processos para o tratamento desse tipo de efluente necessita da obtenção de amostras de efluentes reais da água de petróleo, que, por questões de sigilo industrial, não são facilmente disponibilizadas pelas empresas produtoras de petróleo. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho também teve o objetivo de propor, baseado na literatura científica, possíveis metodologias para a preparação de efluentes de água produzida simulados em laboratório. De forma geral, baseado nos dados levantados, tem-se que no Brasil há um predomínio das atividades petrolíferas em plataformas offshore e, portanto, pode-se concluir que as novas tecnologias voltadas para o tratamento da água de produção no Brasil devem ser direcionadas a esse setor. Conclui-se ainda que para o adequado tratamento do efluente água produzida, é necessária uma combinação de processos, como por exemplo: flotação, processos oxidativos avançados e osmose reversa. Contudo, essa integração de tratamentos ainda é de alto custo para indústria, que por sua vez tende a adotar processos mais simples, que visam apenas atender os limites impostos pela legislação.
Produced water is the main effluent generated during the oil extraction process, this large volume of water contains a series of chemical components that are harmful to the environment. The environmental impacts caused by the improper disposal of produced water in receiving bodies (oceans, for example) have not yet been fully defined. However, it is expected that, over time, these environmental problems will be better described, leading to greater strictness in legislation and, therefore, stricter limits on the concentrations of the existing pollutants, evidencing the importance of process research for the treatment of this type of effluent. In this context, the present work aimed to discuss the main processes, currently applied, for the treatment of produced water, in addition to analyzing other alternative methods, including advanced oxidative processes, which have been more studied in recent scientific literature. It was also possible to select some more suitable processes from a technical and economic point of view. In addition, the present work sought to present possible combinations of processes for the treatment of produced water, involving different steps for the removal of various pollutants, such as: salts, inorganic compounds, oils and/or greases and soluble organic compounds. Finally, the study of processes for the treatment of this type of effluent requires obtaining samples of real effluents from produced water, which, for reasons of industrial secrecy, are not easily available by oil producing companies. In this context, the present work also aimed to propose, based on the scientific literature, possible methodologies for the preparation of produced water effluents simulated in the laboratory. In general, based on the data collected, in Brazil there is a predominance of oil activities on offshore platforms and, therefore, it can be concluded that the new technologies aimed at the treatment of production water in Brazil must be directed to this sector. It is also concluded that for the adequate treatment of the produced water effluent, a combination of processes is necessary, such as: flotation, advanced oxidative processes and reverse osmosis. However, this integration of treatments is still expensive for the industry, which in turn tends to adopt simpler processes, which only aim to meet the limits imposed by legislation.
Produced water is the main effluent generated during the oil extraction process, this large volume of water contains a series of chemical components that are harmful to the environment. The environmental impacts caused by the improper disposal of produced water in receiving bodies (oceans, for example) have not yet been fully defined. However, it is expected that, over time, these environmental problems will be better described, leading to greater strictness in legislation and, therefore, stricter limits on the concentrations of the existing pollutants, evidencing the importance of process research for the treatment of this type of effluent. In this context, the present work aimed to discuss the main processes, currently applied, for the treatment of produced water, in addition to analyzing other alternative methods, including advanced oxidative processes, which have been more studied in recent scientific literature. It was also possible to select some more suitable processes from a technical and economic point of view. In addition, the present work sought to present possible combinations of processes for the treatment of produced water, involving different steps for the removal of various pollutants, such as: salts, inorganic compounds, oils and/or greases and soluble organic compounds. Finally, the study of processes for the treatment of this type of effluent requires obtaining samples of real effluents from produced water, which, for reasons of industrial secrecy, are not easily available by oil producing companies. In this context, the present work also aimed to propose, based on the scientific literature, possible methodologies for the preparation of produced water effluents simulated in the laboratory. In general, based on the data collected, in Brazil there is a predominance of oil activities on offshore platforms and, therefore, it can be concluded that the new technologies aimed at the treatment of production water in Brazil must be directed to this sector. It is also concluded that for the adequate treatment of the produced water effluent, a combination of processes is necessary, such as: flotation, advanced oxidative processes and reverse osmosis. However, this integration of treatments is still expensive for the industry, which in turn tends to adopt simpler processes, which only aim to meet the limits imposed by legislation.