Geração de açúcares totais (ATs) a partir de rejeitos provenientes dos fardos de celulose exportados no terminal portuário DP World Santos
Data
2021-02-23
Autores
Santos, Camilla Grossi de Oliveira 
Nunes, Isabela dos Santos
Santos, Ketellyn Silveira dos
Orientadores
Penteado, Eduardo Dellosso
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O Brasil se classifica entre os maiores produtores de celulose do mundo, ocupando a quarta posição, e é atualmente o maior exportador mundial dessa commodity, que consiste em um polímero de cadeia longa, do tipo polissacarídeo, extraído das paredes celulares de vegetais. Em terminais portuários exportadores, como a DP World Santos, durante a movimentação do fardo de celulose entre o armazém e o cais, é comum que alguns pedaços se desprendam dos fardos e sejam depositados no chão, tornando-se resíduos que posteriormente serão varridos e descartados em caçambas apropriadas. Devido às impurezas aderidas aos pedaços de celulose durante o processo de varrição, a reciclagem desses resíduos torna-se inviável, fazendo com que o seu destino final seja o aterro sanitário. A fim de oferecer uma utilização sustentável a esses resíduos e diminuir os gastos do terminal, este projeto propôs um método para geração de açúcares provenientes dos resíduos de celulose portuária através da hidrólise com ácido sulfúrico diluído, além de estimar a produção de etanol de segunda geração (Etanol 2G) com esta biomassa. Para obtenção dos açúcares, em autoclave a 120ºC e 1 kgf/cm², foram realizados ensaios de hidrólise utilizando concentrações de 0%; 1%; 2,5% e 5% (v/v) de ácido sulfúrico nos tempos de 30 e 60 minutos. As análises de determinação de açúcares totais (ATs) e identificação de glicose foram feitas através de refratometria na escala BRIX e espectrometria de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), respectivamente, tendo como padrão observado em ambas, a relação diretamente proporcional entre a concentração de ácido e a obtenção e presença de açúcar. As amostras controle (C1 e C2) foram as únicas nas quais não foram identificados ATs no refratômetro e nem picos nas bandas de transmitância que sinalizam a presença de glicose no FTIR. Já as amostras que possuíam maior quantidade de ácido sulfúrico, H2SO4 a 5% (v/v), foram aquelas em que se observou maior liberação de açúcares (6,5 e 6,6 °Bx) e maior amplitude nos picos avaliados. Considerando as estimativas calculadas, quando comparada à produção de etanol 2G através do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, a eficiência apresentada no presente estudo foi aproximadamente três vezes maior.
Brazil ranks among the world's largest pulp producers and currently the world's largest exporter of this commodity, which consists of a long-chain polysaccharide polymer extracted from the cell walls of vegetables.In exporting port terminals like DP World Santos, during the movement of the pulp bale between the warehouse and the quay, it is common for some pieces to come off bales and to be deposited on the floor, becoming a type of waste that will be disposed of in appropriate carts. Because of impurities adhering to the pulp pieces during the sweeping process, a recycling of these wastes becomes infeasible, making their final destination to be a landfill and, consequently, providing higher cost for the generating company. In order to offer sustainable use of these residues and to reduce terminal expenses, this project proposed a method for the formation of sugars from port cellulose residues through acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid, in addition to estimating second generation ethanol production (in addition to estimating second generation ethanol (in addition to estimating second generation ethanol) 2G ethanol) with this biomass. To obtain the sugars, in an autoclave at 120ºC and 1 kgf / cm², hydrolysis tests were performed using concentrations of 0%; 1%; 2.5% and 5% (v / v) sulfuric acid in 30 and 60 minutes. The analyzes of determination of total sugars and identification of glucose were made through refractometry on the BRIX scale and infrared spectrometry by Fourier transform (FTIR), respectively, with the pattern observed in both, the directly proportional relationship between the acid concentration and the obtaining and presence of sugar. The control samples (C1 and C2) were the only ones in which no ATs were identified in the refractometer or peaks in the transmittance bands that signal the presence of glucose in the FTIR. The samples that contained the highest amount of sulfuric acid, H2SO4 at 5% (v / v), were those in which a greater release of sugars (6.5 and 6.6 ° Bx) and greater amplitude in the evaluated peaks were observed. Sensitization as calculated, when compared to the production of 2G ethanol through sugarcane bagasse, an appropriate efficiency in the present study was approximately three times higher.
Brazil ranks among the world's largest pulp producers and currently the world's largest exporter of this commodity, which consists of a long-chain polysaccharide polymer extracted from the cell walls of vegetables.In exporting port terminals like DP World Santos, during the movement of the pulp bale between the warehouse and the quay, it is common for some pieces to come off bales and to be deposited on the floor, becoming a type of waste that will be disposed of in appropriate carts. Because of impurities adhering to the pulp pieces during the sweeping process, a recycling of these wastes becomes infeasible, making their final destination to be a landfill and, consequently, providing higher cost for the generating company. In order to offer sustainable use of these residues and to reduce terminal expenses, this project proposed a method for the formation of sugars from port cellulose residues through acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid, in addition to estimating second generation ethanol production (in addition to estimating second generation ethanol (in addition to estimating second generation ethanol) 2G ethanol) with this biomass. To obtain the sugars, in an autoclave at 120ºC and 1 kgf / cm², hydrolysis tests were performed using concentrations of 0%; 1%; 2.5% and 5% (v / v) sulfuric acid in 30 and 60 minutes. The analyzes of determination of total sugars and identification of glucose were made through refractometry on the BRIX scale and infrared spectrometry by Fourier transform (FTIR), respectively, with the pattern observed in both, the directly proportional relationship between the acid concentration and the obtaining and presence of sugar. The control samples (C1 and C2) were the only ones in which no ATs were identified in the refractometer or peaks in the transmittance bands that signal the presence of glucose in the FTIR. The samples that contained the highest amount of sulfuric acid, H2SO4 at 5% (v / v), were those in which a greater release of sugars (6.5 and 6.6 ° Bx) and greater amplitude in the evaluated peaks were observed. Sensitization as calculated, when compared to the production of 2G ethanol through sugarcane bagasse, an appropriate efficiency in the present study was approximately three times higher.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Camilla Grossi de Oliveira; NUNES, Isabela dos Santos; SANTOS, Ketellyn Silveira dos. Geração de açúcares totais (ATs) a partir de rejeitos provenientes dos fardos de celulose exportados no terminal portuário DP World Santos. 2021. 30 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.