Narrativas em hesitação e recusa vacinal
Data
2024-08-02
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A Hesitação vacinal (HV) é um fenômeno relacionado ao receio, atraso, recusa parcial ou total das vacinas recomendadas pelos programas de imunização. Este fenômeno tem causado preocupação pois ameaça conquistas importantes no campo da saúde pública no que concerne à redução da morbi-mortalidade das doenças imunopreviníveis. Objetivo: compreender o processo de decisão dos pais hesitantes sobre (não) vacinar. Avaliar os significados que estes pais atribuem à vacinação e quais vivências as decisões acerca da vacinação podem suscitar. Métodos: Abordagem qualitatita com o emprego de entrevistas em profunidade realizadas entre setembro de 2020 e julho de 2021. A amostra foi constituida a partir da estratégia de bola de neve e o número de participantes estabelecido usando o princípio da saturação teórica. Foram incluídos pais que se enquadravam na definição de HV proposta pela OMS, ou seja, atrasavam ou recusavam uma, algumas ou todas as vacinas. As entrevistas foram gravadas digitalmente, transcritas in verbatim e textualizadas. A análise das entrevistas foi realizada usando a fenomenologia interpretativa. Resultados: Foram incluídos dez pais e mães. Todos apresentavam escolaridade elevada, com pelo menos nível superior completo. Foram identificados quatro temas: estilo de vida natural; pressão social no contexto da vacinação (interação com profissionais de saúde, familiares, amigos); pandemia e vacinação contra COVID-19; desconfiança nas vacinas, indústria farmacêutica, profissionais de saúde e instituições. Conclusão: A HV é um fenômeno complexo e multifacetado. A abordagem efetiva requer monitoramento contínuo dos diversos sub-grupos no que se refere aos valores, motivações e identidade cultural. As campanhas de vacinação e as intervenções face-a-face devem ser guiadas pelo entendimento cultural dos diferentes grupos compreendidos sob o guarda-chuva da HV.
Vaccine hesitancy is a complex phenomenon related to the delay, partial or total refusal of vaccines recommended by immunization programs. This phenomenon is concerning given that it threatens important achievements in public health area regarding control and elimination of infectious diseases. Objective: understand vaccine hesitant parents’ decision process regarding their children vaccination. Analyze the meanings vaccination have for vaccine hesitant parents and the lived experiences that decision evoke. Methods: qualitative study in which in-depth interviews were taken between September 2020 to July 2021. The participants were recruited through the snow ball strategy; the sample size was defined through theme saturation; parents were elegible if they delay or refuse one, some, or all vaccines recommended by local vaccination programmes, according to the WHO vaccine hesitancy definition. All interviews were digitally recorded, trasnscribed in verbatim and edited. The analysis of the interviews was performed by two experienced researchers in qualitative studies using interpretative phenomenology. Results: we undertook 10 in depth-interviews. All parents were highly educated with at least a undergraduation degree. The main themes were: natural life style, social pressure in vaccine decision making related to healthcare professional, family, and friends; pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines; distrust in healthcare professionals, health institutions, governments, and pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions: vaccine hesitancy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. An effective approach requires an understanding of differents groups regarding values, motivations, and cultural identity. The vaccination campaigns and face-to-face interventions should be guided by cultural understanding of different groups under vaccine hesitancy umbrella.
Vaccine hesitancy is a complex phenomenon related to the delay, partial or total refusal of vaccines recommended by immunization programs. This phenomenon is concerning given that it threatens important achievements in public health area regarding control and elimination of infectious diseases. Objective: understand vaccine hesitant parents’ decision process regarding their children vaccination. Analyze the meanings vaccination have for vaccine hesitant parents and the lived experiences that decision evoke. Methods: qualitative study in which in-depth interviews were taken between September 2020 to July 2021. The participants were recruited through the snow ball strategy; the sample size was defined through theme saturation; parents were elegible if they delay or refuse one, some, or all vaccines recommended by local vaccination programmes, according to the WHO vaccine hesitancy definition. All interviews were digitally recorded, trasnscribed in verbatim and edited. The analysis of the interviews was performed by two experienced researchers in qualitative studies using interpretative phenomenology. Results: we undertook 10 in depth-interviews. All parents were highly educated with at least a undergraduation degree. The main themes were: natural life style, social pressure in vaccine decision making related to healthcare professional, family, and friends; pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines; distrust in healthcare professionals, health institutions, governments, and pharmaceutical industry. Conclusions: vaccine hesitancy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. An effective approach requires an understanding of differents groups regarding values, motivations, and cultural identity. The vaccination campaigns and face-to-face interventions should be guided by cultural understanding of different groups under vaccine hesitancy umbrella.
Descrição
Citação
CUNEGUNDES, Kelly Simone Almeida. Narrativas de hesitação e recusa vacinal. 2024. 229 f. Tese (Doutorado em Pediatria e Ciências Aplicadas à Pediatria) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2024