Peptídeos e proteínas em formulações farmacêuticas orais: estratégias utilizadas para viabilizar a administração e melhora da biodisponibilidade
Data
2022-02-04
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os peptídeos e proteínas são macromoléculas que apresentam funções de
extrema importância nos mais variados processos biológicos, podendo possuir
atividades terapêuticas de grande interesse para o tratamento de diversas doenças,
graças à sua alta especificidade e atividade em baixas concentrações. No entanto,
sabe-se que essas moléculas apresentam características intrínsecas que dificultam
sua viabilidade na clínica. Muitas dessas moléculas já são amplamente utilizadas pela
via parenteral, ocasionando desconforto e falta de praticidade aos pacientes que
necessitam desses ativos no tratamento de doenças crônicas. Tendo isso em vista,
torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento ao redor de formulações que permitam a
veiculação de peptídeos e proteínas pela via oral, que é mais comumente aceita pelos
pacientes. Essa revisão bibliográfica, traz um levantamento de diversas estratégias
utilizadas para a obtenção dessas formulações, como por exemplo, sistemas
poliméricos e lipídicos, sistemas bioadesivos e revestimentos entéricos, entre outros.
A revisão também conta com diversos exemplos práticos de aplicações já realizadas
com esse objetivo extraídos a partir de artigos obtidos em bases de dados. Foi
possível concluir que, apesar de ser um tema de grande relevância, ainda falta muita
pesquisa a ser realizada nessa área, além da necessidade de mais ensaios clínicos
que comprovem não somente à eficácia dessas técnicas, como também, a segurança
do paciente. Também foi possível observar que a aplicação de combinações dessas
estratégias, visando uma maior permeação e biodisponibilidade dessas moléculas,
tem se mostrado uma abordagem muito promissora no desenvolvimento dessas
formulações.
Peptides and proteins are macromolecules that play extremely important roles in the most varied biological processes and may have therapeutic activities of great interest for the treatment of various diseases, thanks to their high specificity and activity at low concentrations. However, it is known that these molecules have intrinsic characteristics that hinder their clinical viability. Many of these molecules are already widely used by the parenteral route, causing discomfort and lack of practicality for patients who need these actives in the treatment of chronic diseases. With this in mind, it is necessary to develop formulations that allow the oral delivery of peptides and proteins, which is more commonly accepted by patients. This literature review brings a survey of several strategies used to obtain these formulations, such as polymeric and lipid systems, bioadhesive systems and enteric coatings, among others. The review also contains a several practical examples of applications already carried out with this objective extracted from articles obtained from databases. It was possible to conclude that, despite being a topic of great relevance, there is still a lot of research to be carried out in this area, in addition to the need for more clinical trials to prove not only the effectiveness of these techniques, but also the safety of the patient. It was also possible to observe that the application of combinations of these strategies, aiming at greater permeation and bioavailability of these molecules, has been shown to be a very promising approach in the development of these formulations.
Peptides and proteins are macromolecules that play extremely important roles in the most varied biological processes and may have therapeutic activities of great interest for the treatment of various diseases, thanks to their high specificity and activity at low concentrations. However, it is known that these molecules have intrinsic characteristics that hinder their clinical viability. Many of these molecules are already widely used by the parenteral route, causing discomfort and lack of practicality for patients who need these actives in the treatment of chronic diseases. With this in mind, it is necessary to develop formulations that allow the oral delivery of peptides and proteins, which is more commonly accepted by patients. This literature review brings a survey of several strategies used to obtain these formulations, such as polymeric and lipid systems, bioadhesive systems and enteric coatings, among others. The review also contains a several practical examples of applications already carried out with this objective extracted from articles obtained from databases. It was possible to conclude that, despite being a topic of great relevance, there is still a lot of research to be carried out in this area, in addition to the need for more clinical trials to prove not only the effectiveness of these techniques, but also the safety of the patient. It was also possible to observe that the application of combinations of these strategies, aiming at greater permeation and bioavailability of these molecules, has been shown to be a very promising approach in the development of these formulations.