Análise dos efeitos transgeracionais da nicotina sobre a palatogênese de ratos
Arquivos
Data
2023-11-14
Autores
Gois, Beatriz de Jesus 
Orientadores
Paccola, Camila Cicconi
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
No mundo, mais de 1,1 bilhões de homens e mulheres são fumantes, fator
preocupante tendo em vista os malefícios do fumo durante a préconcepção,
desenvolvimento da gravidez e lactação. Uma das substâncias que compõem o
cigarro é a nicotina. Quando consumida durante a gestação, ela vem sendo
relacionada com o nascimento de bebês com fissuras labiopalatinas. Pesquisas
sugerem que a nicotina altera genes responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento normal do
palato, comprometendo a sinalização celular e alterando sua estrutura. Objetivo:
Estudar os efeitos da exposição intrauterina à nicotina sobre a palatogênese de
ratos, além de verificar se os danos se mantêm através das gerações. Métodos:
Ratas Wistar prenhes receberam uma mini bomba subcutânea liberando 2mg/kg/dia
de nicotina durante toda a gestação e as proles de primeira e segunda gerações
foram anatomicamente e histologicamente analisadas. Uma parte da prole foi
submetida à eutanásia para avaliação da região da face ao nascimento (primeira
geração); outra parte ainda recebeu nicotina até o desmame e foi mantida até a idade
adulta para acasalamento e obtenção de fetos que foram avaliados a termo (segunda
geração). Resultados: A análise macroscópica da região do palato demonstrou uma
redução significante no número de rugas, nas medidas horizontais da porção anterior
do palato, nas medidas verticais, bem como na área total do palato dos animais do
grupo exposto à nicotina da primeira geração. Estes animais também apresentaram
redução no número de células em proliferação e aumento do número de células em
processo de morte e do número de células de defesa. Não foram observadas
alterações macroscópicas ou histológicas nos animais da segunda geração.
Conclusões: A nicotina causa redução no tamanho do palato de neonatos expostos
na fase intrauterina da primeira geração, porém, essas alterações não atingem a
prole da segunda geração. Portanto, recomendase o acompanhamento
fonoaudiológico em filhos de mães fumantes devido a possíveis alterações no palato
e suas implicações no sistema estomatognático.
In the world, more than 1.1 billion men and women are smokers, a worrying factor in view of the harmful effects of smoking during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. One of the substances that make up cigarettes is nicotine. When consumed during pregnancy, it has been linked to the birth of babies with cleft lip and palate. Research suggests that nicotine alters genes responsible for the normal development of the palate, compromising cell signaling and altering its structure. Objective: To study the effects of intrauterine exposure to nicotine on palatogenesis in rats, in addition to verifying whether damage is maintained across generations. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received a subcutaneous mini pump releasing 2mg/kg/day of nicotine throughout pregnancy and the first and second generations offspring were anatomically and histologically analyzed. A part of the offspring was submitted to euthanasia for evaluation of the face region at birth (first generation); another part still received nicotine until weaning and was maintained until adulthood for mating and obtaining fetuses that were evaluated at term (second generation). Results: The macroscopic analysis of the palate region showed a significant reduction in the number of wrinkles, in the horizontal measures of the anterior portion of the palate, in the vertical measures, as well as in the total area of the palate of the animals exposed to nicotine at first generation. These animals also showed a reduction in the number of cells in proliferation and an increase in the number of cells in the process of death and in the number of defense cells. No macroscopic or histological alterations were observed in the second generation animals. Conclusions: Nicotine causes a reduction in the palate size of newborns of the first generation exposed during the intrauterine phase. However, these alterations do not reach the offspring of the second generation. Therefore, speech therapy monitoring is recommended for children of smoking mothers due to possible alterations in the palate and its implications for the stomatognathic system.
In the world, more than 1.1 billion men and women are smokers, a worrying factor in view of the harmful effects of smoking during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. One of the substances that make up cigarettes is nicotine. When consumed during pregnancy, it has been linked to the birth of babies with cleft lip and palate. Research suggests that nicotine alters genes responsible for the normal development of the palate, compromising cell signaling and altering its structure. Objective: To study the effects of intrauterine exposure to nicotine on palatogenesis in rats, in addition to verifying whether damage is maintained across generations. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received a subcutaneous mini pump releasing 2mg/kg/day of nicotine throughout pregnancy and the first and second generations offspring were anatomically and histologically analyzed. A part of the offspring was submitted to euthanasia for evaluation of the face region at birth (first generation); another part still received nicotine until weaning and was maintained until adulthood for mating and obtaining fetuses that were evaluated at term (second generation). Results: The macroscopic analysis of the palate region showed a significant reduction in the number of wrinkles, in the horizontal measures of the anterior portion of the palate, in the vertical measures, as well as in the total area of the palate of the animals exposed to nicotine at first generation. These animals also showed a reduction in the number of cells in proliferation and an increase in the number of cells in the process of death and in the number of defense cells. No macroscopic or histological alterations were observed in the second generation animals. Conclusions: Nicotine causes a reduction in the palate size of newborns of the first generation exposed during the intrauterine phase. However, these alterations do not reach the offspring of the second generation. Therefore, speech therapy monitoring is recommended for children of smoking mothers due to possible alterations in the palate and its implications for the stomatognathic system.
Descrição
Citação
GOIS, Beatriz de Jesus. Análise dos efeitos transgeracionais da nicotina sobre a palatogênese de ratos. 2023. 67 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Fonoaudiologia) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, 2023.