As mulheres em situação de abortamento: suas necessidades de saúde e a assistência profissional
Data
2008
Autores
Bertolani, Georgia Bianca Martins 
Orientadores
Oliveira, Eleonora Menicucci de
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Este trabalho pretende, por meio da abordagem qualitativa e a partir do estudo de caso, analisar as narrativas de 19 mulheres em situação de abortamento, que foram atendidas no HUCAM do município de Vitória, bem como as narrativas de 13 profissionais que prestam assistência em saúde a essas mulheres. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com o uso de técnicas de observação participante, entrevista com roteiro semi-estruturado, registro em diário de campo e análise de prontuário. Os dados se apresentam a partir da construção de narrativas, segundo o modelo proposto por Bourdieu (2003); a análise das entrevistas gravadas seguiu a orientação de Pope et al. (2006), com a conseqüente construção de categorias empíricas emergentes das narrativas divididas, de acordo com os sujeitos. Para os profissionais, foram construídas 3 categorias: a formação do profissional de saúde; quem são as mulheres (percepção dos profissionais); e atitudes na assistência. As categorias emergentes das
narrativas das mulheres foram divididas em 4: as experiências reprodutivas; como as mulheres perceberam-se grávidas; a experiência do abortamento; e o atendimento nos serviços de saúde. Os resultados demonstraram que os profissionais agem de maneira subjetiva na assistência que prestam às mulheres em situação de abortamento, e não houve diferença significativa no tipo de tratamento destinado às mulheres que provocaram o abortamento e àquelas, cujas perdas foram espontâneas. A assistência é mais baseada na concepção pessoal do que na técnica profissional. Os profissionais possuem uma imagem estereotipada da mulher que provoca o abortamento; afirmam terem muita dificuldade de lidar até mesmo com mulheres em situação de abortamento previsto em lei; percebem que não possuem formação acadêmica adequada; acreditam que o hospital onde trabalham deve continuar a atender mulheres nessa situação; não conhecem os protocolos de assistências do Ministério da Saúde (MS), e afirmam que seria muito útil atuarem de forma multidisciplinar. Em relação às mulheres, a assistência não contempla suas necessidades de saúde, nem respeita seus direitos
reprodutivos. Elas caracterizam o atendimento como ruim, ineficiente, preconceituoso, independentemente de terem provocado ou não o abortamento.
This research, through a qualitative approach and a case study, intends to analyze the narratives of 19 women in abortion situation, that were assisted in HUCAM in the city of Vitoria/ES, as well as the narratives of 13 professionals responsible for assisting the health of those women. The data collection was made through participative observation techniques, semi-structured scripted interview, registrations on a field notebook and analysis of medical bedside assessments. The data presented itself from the construction of narratives, following the model proposed by Bourdieu (2003); the analysis of the recorded interviews followed the orientation of Pope et al. (2006), with the construction of empiric categories emerged from the divided narratives, according to each subject. For the professionals, were constructed 3 categories: the formation of the health professional; who are the women (perception of the professional); and the attitudes during assistance. The emerged categories from the women’s narratives were divided in 4: reproductive experiences; how women did percept the current pregnancy; the abortion experience; and the provided health services. The results demonstrated that the professionals act in a subjective way in the assistance of the women in a situation of abortion, and there was not a significant difference between the treatment provided to women that perform the abortion and to the ones that miscarriage. The assistance is more often based on the personal conception of the professionals than on the techniques themselves. They have not only a stereotyped image of the abortionists but also difficulties handling the abortion even on the cases foreseen by the law. The professionals have noted that they don’t receive adequate academic training to deal with abortion, but believe that the hospital should continue to give assistance to women in this situation. They don’t know the National Health Department’s (NHD) protocols of assistance and state that would be very useful to work in a multidiscipline way. Regarding the women, the assistance provided neither contemplates their health needs nor their reproductive rights. The interviewed, both the ones who caused the abortion or that miscarriage, characterize the service as bad, inefficient and prejudicial.
This research, through a qualitative approach and a case study, intends to analyze the narratives of 19 women in abortion situation, that were assisted in HUCAM in the city of Vitoria/ES, as well as the narratives of 13 professionals responsible for assisting the health of those women. The data collection was made through participative observation techniques, semi-structured scripted interview, registrations on a field notebook and analysis of medical bedside assessments. The data presented itself from the construction of narratives, following the model proposed by Bourdieu (2003); the analysis of the recorded interviews followed the orientation of Pope et al. (2006), with the construction of empiric categories emerged from the divided narratives, according to each subject. For the professionals, were constructed 3 categories: the formation of the health professional; who are the women (perception of the professional); and the attitudes during assistance. The emerged categories from the women’s narratives were divided in 4: reproductive experiences; how women did percept the current pregnancy; the abortion experience; and the provided health services. The results demonstrated that the professionals act in a subjective way in the assistance of the women in a situation of abortion, and there was not a significant difference between the treatment provided to women that perform the abortion and to the ones that miscarriage. The assistance is more often based on the personal conception of the professionals than on the techniques themselves. They have not only a stereotyped image of the abortionists but also difficulties handling the abortion even on the cases foreseen by the law. The professionals have noted that they don’t receive adequate academic training to deal with abortion, but believe that the hospital should continue to give assistance to women in this situation. They don’t know the National Health Department’s (NHD) protocols of assistance and state that would be very useful to work in a multidiscipline way. Regarding the women, the assistance provided neither contemplates their health needs nor their reproductive rights. The interviewed, both the ones who caused the abortion or that miscarriage, characterize the service as bad, inefficient and prejudicial.
Descrição
Citação
BERTOLANI, Georgia Bianca Martins. As mulheres em situação de abortamento: suas necessidades de saúde e a assistência profissional. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2008.