O cuidador familiar e o cuidado ao adulto com doença crônica dependente de tecnologia: uma proposta de educação em saúde no contexto domiciliar
Data
2015-02-27
Autores
Brondani, Cecilia Maria 
Orientadores
Ramos, Lais Helena Domingues
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Diversas são as demandas de cuidados dos doentes crônicos atendidos no domicílio e essas dependem do diagnóstico médico, do grau de incapacidades e da utilização de tecnologias que monitorem e auxiliem nas funções vitais. O objeto desse estudo é o cuidado desenvolvido por cuidadores familiares de pacientes adultos com doenças crônicas dependentes de tecnologia no contexto da atenção domiciliar. O estudo está centrado na perspectiva dialógica de educação de Paulo Freire. Essa concepção amplia as possibilidades de atuação do enfermeiro no processo de cuidar e educar desenvolvido durante as visitas domiciliares. Objetivos: Investigar como é o cuidado desenvolvido pelos cuidadores familiares de pacientes adultos com doenças crônicas dependentes de tecnologia no domicílio; Implementar durante a visita domiciliar uma prática de educação em saúde com esses cuidadores; Discutir os benefícios da prática educação em saúde para os cuidadores familiares. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo na modalidade convergente-assistencial, com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolvida no período de agosto de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, com cuidadores familiares de pacientes adultos dependentes da tecnologia de um Serviço de Internação Domiciliar. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e visita domiciliar. A prática de educação em saúde foi desenvolvida durante as visitas domiciliares, considerando as individualidades e demandas do paciente dependente de tecnologia e do seu cuidador. A análise dos dados foi realizada de acordo com as quatro etapas propostas pela PCA: apreensão, síntese, teorização e transferência. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, sob o número 05553412.7.0000.5505. Resultados: Foram estruturadas em quatro categorias: Demandas de cuidado do paciente adulto com doença crônica dependente de tecnologia; Sentimentos do cuidador familiar frente à realidade do cuidado no domicílio; A visita domiciliar e a prática de educação em saúde com o cuidador familiar do paciente adulto com doença crônica dependente de tecnologia; Benefícios para o cuidador familiar da prática de educação em saúde desenvolvida pelo enfermeiro durante a visita domiciliar. Constatou-se a preocupação dos cuidadores em relação à organização e às demandas de cuidado, a aceitação da doença e da dependência, o medo de errar e a necessidade de superação. A utilização de tecnologias no domicílio interfere na vida dos cuidadores e familiares modificando a dinâmica familiar, por outro lado, auxilia na manutenção da vida do paciente. Conclusão: A prática de educação em saúde trouxe segurança e tranquilidade aos cuidadores familiares, contribuindo para a construção da autonomia no desenvolvimento das atividades. Além de possibilitar a continuidade e a integralidade do cuidado.
There are several demands for care of chronic patients treated at home and these depend on the medical diagnosis, degree of disability and the use of technologies that monitor and assist in vital functions. The object of this study is the care developed by family caregivers of adult patients with chronic diseases dependent on technology in the context of home care. The study is focused on dialogical perspective of Paulo Freire education. This concept extends the nursing acting opportunities in the care and education developed during home visits. Objectives: To investigate how the care is developed by family caregivers of adults with dependent on technology chronic diseases in home; Implement, during home visits, a health education practice with these caregivers; Discuss the benefits of practicing health education for family caregivers. Method: This is a field research on convergent-care modality with a qualitative approach. Carried out from August 2012 to February 2013, with family caregivers of adults patients dependent of the technology of a Home-Hospitalization Service. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and home visits. The health education practice was developed during home visits, considering the individuality and demands of the patient dependent on technology and their caregivers. Data analysis was performed according to the four steps proposed by the PCA: collection, synthesis, theorization and transference. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Paulo under number 05553412.7.0000.5505. Results: There were structured into four categories: Adult patient care with chronic disease dependent on technology demands; Feelings of family caregivers facing the care reality in the household; Home visits and health education practice with family caregivers of adult patients with chronic disease dependent on technology; Benefits for the family caregiver health education practices developed by nurses during home visits. It was noted the concern of caregivers about the organization and care demands, acceptance of illness and dependency, fear of failure and the need to overcome. The use of technology in the home interfere in the life of caregivers and family modifying the dynamic family, on the other hand, it assists in maintaining the patient's life. Conclusion: The practice of health education brought security and peace of mind to family caregivers, contributing to the construction of autonomy in the development of activities. In addition to provide continuity and integrality of care.
There are several demands for care of chronic patients treated at home and these depend on the medical diagnosis, degree of disability and the use of technologies that monitor and assist in vital functions. The object of this study is the care developed by family caregivers of adult patients with chronic diseases dependent on technology in the context of home care. The study is focused on dialogical perspective of Paulo Freire education. This concept extends the nursing acting opportunities in the care and education developed during home visits. Objectives: To investigate how the care is developed by family caregivers of adults with dependent on technology chronic diseases in home; Implement, during home visits, a health education practice with these caregivers; Discuss the benefits of practicing health education for family caregivers. Method: This is a field research on convergent-care modality with a qualitative approach. Carried out from August 2012 to February 2013, with family caregivers of adults patients dependent of the technology of a Home-Hospitalization Service. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and home visits. The health education practice was developed during home visits, considering the individuality and demands of the patient dependent on technology and their caregivers. Data analysis was performed according to the four steps proposed by the PCA: collection, synthesis, theorization and transference. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Paulo under number 05553412.7.0000.5505. Results: There were structured into four categories: Adult patient care with chronic disease dependent on technology demands; Feelings of family caregivers facing the care reality in the household; Home visits and health education practice with family caregivers of adult patients with chronic disease dependent on technology; Benefits for the family caregiver health education practices developed by nurses during home visits. It was noted the concern of caregivers about the organization and care demands, acceptance of illness and dependency, fear of failure and the need to overcome. The use of technology in the home interfere in the life of caregivers and family modifying the dynamic family, on the other hand, it assists in maintaining the patient's life. Conclusion: The practice of health education brought security and peace of mind to family caregivers, contributing to the construction of autonomy in the development of activities. In addition to provide continuity and integrality of care.
Descrição
Citação
BRONDANI, Cecilia Maria. O cuidador familiar e o cuidado ao adulto com doença crônica dependente de tecnologia: uma proposta de educação em saúde no contexto domiciliar. 2015. 157 f. Tese (Doutorado em Enfermagem) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2015.