Perfil e destino dos egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nefrologia da Unifesp - EPM
Arquivos
Data
2018-10-30
Autores
Ferraz, Pablo 
Orientadores
Kirsztajn, Gianna Mastroianni
Schor, Nestor
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A pós-graduação no Brasil experimentou elevado crescimento nas últimas duas décadas. O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nefrologia criado em 1973, formou ao longo de 40 anos 261 mestres, 114 doutores e 145 doutores que também realizaram mestrado, totalizando 665 teses de 520 egressos. Objetivos: Traçar o perfil e identificar a atuação dos egressos no meio acadêmico e no mercado de trabalho. Identificar a nucleação proporcionada pela migração em diferentes regiões do país. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo dividido em duas partes: 1) análise do perfil dos alunos que concluíram 665 teses no período de 1976 a 2015, utilizando o Banco de dados do programa confrontado com dados do Setor de Cientometria da IES. 2) questionário para identificar a atuação dos egressos, formulado com base em estudo da Fiocruz na avaliação de egressos e projeto da Unesco para mapeamento da titulação e mobilidade de doutores no mundo. Diante das significativas alterações sócio econômicas e demográficas e do avanço tecnológico no período, e das mudanças nas regras de avaliação da Capes a partir de 1997, os egressos foram divididos em três coortes: Grupo 1(G1) - 1976 a 1997 (N=190); Grupo 2(G2) - 1998 a 2006 (N=207); Grupo 3 (G3) - 2007 a 2015 (N=267). Resultados: Perfil- 61% das teses concluídas foram de mestrado. As mulheres foram maioria, com 59%. No G1, as mulheres eram 41% passando a 67% no G3. Formados em medicina eram 94% no G1 e 33% no G3, mas na média geral eram 53% (somente em 1991, alunos formados em outras áreas ingressaram no programa). As IES privadas foram a origem de 50,7% dos egressos, mas era de 33,7 no G1. Bolsas Capes/CNPq foram concedidas a 77% dos alunos. O sudeste foi a região de origem predominante do egresso com média de 77%, sendo 68% de São Paulo. A idade média dos alunos ao ingressarem foi de 30 anos no mestrado e de 33 anos no doutorado, e da conclusão foi 33 e 36 anos, respectivamente. O tempo médio para conclusão do mestrado foi de 38 e, no doutorado, de 48 meses. Questionário: contatamos 91% dos egressos e obtivemos 60% de respostas; 80% se declaram brancos; 56% realizaram iniciação científica (IC) durante a graduação. Projetos experimentais correspondem a 43% das teses concluídas. As bolsas de agências de fomento foram a principal fonte de renda durante a pós-graduação para 53%. São Paulo foi o estado de destino de 72%. Encontram-se empregados com vínculo formal 78% dos egressos. A renda média dos mestres foi de 5 a 10 salários mínimos (SM) e dos doutores, acima de 10 SM. O percentual de mulheres ganhando acima de 20 SM foi de 15% vs. 41% dos homens. A maioria dos egressos tem o emprego principal em IES (57%) e o tipo de vínculo na ocupação principal é a CLT (41%). Relação entre atuação profissional e a tese desenvolvida é apontada por 76% dos egressos; 71% estão envolvidos com docência e pesquisa. 51% dos egressos do doutorado tiverem experiências internacionais, sendo o pós-doutorado apontado por 52% deles. Discussão e Conclusões: O número de alunos matriculados e de teses concluídas aumentou do G1 ao G3, com predomínio de alunos de mestrado. A participação das mulheres cresceu ao longo dos períodos e no último foi maior que a dos homens. Predominaram alunos brancos, com apenas 1% de pretos. A participação proporcional de médicos em relação a alunos de outras áreas diminuiu progressivamente do G1 ao G3. Os alunos eram provenientes de 23 estados e das 5 regiões, com predomínio de São Paulo e da região Sudeste. O destino da maioria deles (76%) foi o próprio estado de São Paulo. Inicialmente os alunos eram oriundos sobretudo de IES públicas, mas no G3 predominaram aqueles de IES privadas. Fazer a pós-graduação teve um impacto positivo sobre a obtenção de empregos, e a titulação de doutor associou-se a níveis salariais mais elevados. O programa contribuiu para a formação de recursos humanos e nucleação de novos grupos de pesquisa em outros estados e regiões do país, considerando-se número e distribuição dos egressos ao longo dos 40 anos avaliados, assim como para a inserção dos mesmos no mercado de trabalho. Os presentes achados permitiram conhecer o perfil e destino dos egressos, assim como gerou informações que podem ser úteis para planejamento do programa e proposição de formulário padrão para acompanhamento regular dos egressos.
Introduction: Post-graduation in Brazil has experienced high growth in the last two decades. The Graduate Program in Nephrology created in 1973, graduated over 40 years 261 masters, 114 doctors and 145 doctors who also had title of masters in science, totaling 665 theses of 520 graduates. Objectives: To outline the profile and identify the performance of graduates in the academic and labor market. Identify the nucleation provided by migration in different regions of the country. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study divided into two parts: 1) analysis of the profile of students who completed 665 theses in the period from 1976 to 2015, using the database of the program compared with data from our university. 2) a questionnaire to identify the performance of the graduates, formulated based on a study by Fiocruz in the evaluation of graduates and Unesco project to map the degree and mobility of doctors in the world. In view of the significant socioeconomic and demographic changes and technological progress in the period, and the changes in Capes' evaluation rules, since 1997 the graduates were divided into three cohorts: Group 1 (G1) - 1976 to 1997 (N = 190 ); Group 2 (G2) - 1998 to 2006 (N = 207); Group 3 (G3) - 2007 to 2015 (N = 267). Results: 61% of the theses corresponded to master's degree. The women were the majority of graduates, with 59%. In G1, women were 41% and in G3, 67%. Graduates in medicine were 94% in G1 and 33% in G3, and global mean was 53% (only in 1991, graduating students of other areas joined the program). Private universities were the origin of 51% of graduates, but it was 34% in the G1. Capes/CNPq grants were awarded to 77% of the students. The southeast region was the predominant place of origin of the egress, with a mean of 77%, being 68% of São Paulo. The mean age of students upon admission was 30 years in the master's degree and 33 years in the doctorate, and the conclusion was with 33 and 36 years, respectively. The mean time to complete the master's degree was 38 and 48to PhD. Questionnaire: We have made contact with 91% of graduates and obtained 60% of answers; 80% declared themselves as being white (race/color); 56% underwent scientific initiation during graduation. Experimental projects corresponded to 43% of the completed theses. Fellowships from funding agencies were the main source of income during post-graduation to 53%. São Paulo was the state where 72% of the graduates remained; 78% of graduates were formally employed. The average income of the masters was 5 to 10 minimum salaries (SM) and the doctors, above 10 SM. The percentage of women earning over 20 SM was 15% vs. 41% of men. The majority of the graduates have the main job in universities (57%). A relationship between professional performance and the developed thesis wasindicated by 76% of the graduates; 71% are involved with teaching and research; 51% of the doctoral graduates had international experience, that was the postdoctarefor 52% of them. Discussion and Conclusions: The number of graduates enrolled and completing their theses increased from G1 to G3, with a predominance of masters graduates. The participation of women increased over the periods and in the last was greater than that of men. White graduates predominated, with only 1% of black. The proportional participation of physicians in relation to graduates from other areas decreased progressively from G1 to G3. The graduatescame from 23 states and 5 regions, with predominance of São Paulo and the outheast. The destination of most of them (76%) was the state of São Paulo itself. Initially they came mainly from public universities, but in G3, those from the private ones predominated. Doing post-graduation had a positive impact on getting jobs, and doctoral degrees were associated with higher salary levels. The program contributed to the training of human resources and the nucleation of new research groups in other states and regions of the country, considering the number and distribution of graduates over the 40 years evaluated, as well as their insertion in the labor market. The present findings allowed to know the profile and destination of the graduates, as well as generated information that may be useful for the planning the program and for proposing a standard form for regular follow-up of graduates.
Introduction: Post-graduation in Brazil has experienced high growth in the last two decades. The Graduate Program in Nephrology created in 1973, graduated over 40 years 261 masters, 114 doctors and 145 doctors who also had title of masters in science, totaling 665 theses of 520 graduates. Objectives: To outline the profile and identify the performance of graduates in the academic and labor market. Identify the nucleation provided by migration in different regions of the country. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study divided into two parts: 1) analysis of the profile of students who completed 665 theses in the period from 1976 to 2015, using the database of the program compared with data from our university. 2) a questionnaire to identify the performance of the graduates, formulated based on a study by Fiocruz in the evaluation of graduates and Unesco project to map the degree and mobility of doctors in the world. In view of the significant socioeconomic and demographic changes and technological progress in the period, and the changes in Capes' evaluation rules, since 1997 the graduates were divided into three cohorts: Group 1 (G1) - 1976 to 1997 (N = 190 ); Group 2 (G2) - 1998 to 2006 (N = 207); Group 3 (G3) - 2007 to 2015 (N = 267). Results: 61% of the theses corresponded to master's degree. The women were the majority of graduates, with 59%. In G1, women were 41% and in G3, 67%. Graduates in medicine were 94% in G1 and 33% in G3, and global mean was 53% (only in 1991, graduating students of other areas joined the program). Private universities were the origin of 51% of graduates, but it was 34% in the G1. Capes/CNPq grants were awarded to 77% of the students. The southeast region was the predominant place of origin of the egress, with a mean of 77%, being 68% of São Paulo. The mean age of students upon admission was 30 years in the master's degree and 33 years in the doctorate, and the conclusion was with 33 and 36 years, respectively. The mean time to complete the master's degree was 38 and 48to PhD. Questionnaire: We have made contact with 91% of graduates and obtained 60% of answers; 80% declared themselves as being white (race/color); 56% underwent scientific initiation during graduation. Experimental projects corresponded to 43% of the completed theses. Fellowships from funding agencies were the main source of income during post-graduation to 53%. São Paulo was the state where 72% of the graduates remained; 78% of graduates were formally employed. The average income of the masters was 5 to 10 minimum salaries (SM) and the doctors, above 10 SM. The percentage of women earning over 20 SM was 15% vs. 41% of men. The majority of the graduates have the main job in universities (57%). A relationship between professional performance and the developed thesis wasindicated by 76% of the graduates; 71% are involved with teaching and research; 51% of the doctoral graduates had international experience, that was the postdoctarefor 52% of them. Discussion and Conclusions: The number of graduates enrolled and completing their theses increased from G1 to G3, with a predominance of masters graduates. The participation of women increased over the periods and in the last was greater than that of men. White graduates predominated, with only 1% of black. The proportional participation of physicians in relation to graduates from other areas decreased progressively from G1 to G3. The graduatescame from 23 states and 5 regions, with predominance of São Paulo and the outheast. The destination of most of them (76%) was the state of São Paulo itself. Initially they came mainly from public universities, but in G3, those from the private ones predominated. Doing post-graduation had a positive impact on getting jobs, and doctoral degrees were associated with higher salary levels. The program contributed to the training of human resources and the nucleation of new research groups in other states and regions of the country, considering the number and distribution of graduates over the 40 years evaluated, as well as their insertion in the labor market. The present findings allowed to know the profile and destination of the graduates, as well as generated information that may be useful for the planning the program and for proposing a standard form for regular follow-up of graduates.