Órteses de membro superior e a prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional: revisão integrativa da literatura
Data
2024-06-29
Autores
Silva, Flavia Felix da 
Orientadores
Santos, Maria da Conceição dos
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: Órtese é um dispositivo aplicado externamente ao corpo com o objetivo de melhorar a função do membro afetado e a funcionalidade do indivíduo, estabilizar ou imobilizar, prevenir ou corrigir deformidades e auxiliar na recuperação clínica da afecção neuromusculoesquelética do segmento corporal afetado. Na prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional, o terapeuta é responsável por prescrever e confeccionar órteses sob medida e/ou pré-fabricadas, levando em consideração o objetivo terapêutico e anatomia e função da região acometida, selecionando o material e design adequado, além de considerar o estilo de vida do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura especializada como são utilizadas as órteses de membro superior na prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional na área da reabilitação de pacientes com afecções neuromusculoesqueléticas. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e Scopus. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos que estivessem disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra, publicados no período de 2013 a 2023, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que abordam o tema órteses na prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional. Resultados: Selecionados sete estudos, sendo seis internacionais e um nacional. As amostras dos estudos selecionados totalizaram 227 participantes ortetizados, abrangendo tanto crianças e adolescentes, com diagnósticos de lesão cerebral e/ou paralisia cerebral, quanto indivíduos adultos e idosos, com diagnósticos de osteoartrite, doenças osteomusculares ou acidente vascular cerebral. Os estudos citaram uma variedade de órteses, destacando o uso do material termoplástico moldável de baixa temperatura em órteses estáticas confeccionadas sob medida, com a finalidade de estabilizar/posicionar as articulações. A não-adesão e abandono da órtese surgiram como limitação nos estudos selecionados. Conclusão: O uso de órteses de membro superior na prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional é parte de uma intervenção individualizada e deve ser visto como um recurso meio, não fim. Identificou-se uma baixa publicação de pesquisas sobre a temática, sobretudo de pesquisas nacionais, sugerindo a necessidade de mais estudos baseados em evidências para orientar a prática clínica. É essencial desenvolver pesquisas que documentem a prática e a experiência clínica dos terapeutas ocupacionais, realizando estudos de mapeamento para identificar, a partir da experiência empírica e clínica, a eficiência e a eficácia das órteses.
Introduction: Orthosis is a device applied externally to the body with the aim of improving the function of the affected limb and the individual's functionality, stabilizing or immobilizing, preventing or correcting deformities, and assisting in the clinical recovery of neuromusculoskeletal conditions of the affected body segment. In clinical practice in Occupational Therapy, the therapist is responsible for prescribing and fabricating custom-made and/or prefabricated orthoses, considering the therapeutic objective, the anatomy and function of the affected region, selecting the appropriate material and design, as well as considering the individual's lifestyle. Objective: To identify, in the specialized literature, how upper limb orthoses are used in clinical practice in Occupational Therapy for the rehabilitation of patients with neuromusculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Integrative literature review conducted on the databases BVS, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were: studies that were electronically available in full text, published between 2013 and 2023, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, addressing the use of orthoses in clinical practice in Occupational Therapy. Results: Seven studies were selected, six of which were international and one national. The samples in these studies included a total of 227 individuals using orthoses, ranging from children and adolescents, diagnosed with brain injury and/or cerebral palsy, to adults and elderly individuals, with diagnoses of osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, or stroke. The studies mentioned a variety of orthoses, highlighting the use of low-temperature moldable thermoplastic material in custom-made static orthoses, designed to stabilize/position the joints. Non-adherence and abandonment of the orthosis emerged as limitations in the selected studies. Conclusion: The use of upper limb orthoses in clinical occupational therapy practice is part of an individualized intervention and should be viewed as a means, not an end. There was a low publication rate of research on the subject, especially of national studies, indicating the need for more evidence-based studies to guide clinical practice. It is essential to develop research that documents the practice and clinical experience of occupational therapists, conducting mapping studies to identify, based on empirical and clinical experience, the efficiency and effectiveness of orthoses.
Introduction: Orthosis is a device applied externally to the body with the aim of improving the function of the affected limb and the individual's functionality, stabilizing or immobilizing, preventing or correcting deformities, and assisting in the clinical recovery of neuromusculoskeletal conditions of the affected body segment. In clinical practice in Occupational Therapy, the therapist is responsible for prescribing and fabricating custom-made and/or prefabricated orthoses, considering the therapeutic objective, the anatomy and function of the affected region, selecting the appropriate material and design, as well as considering the individual's lifestyle. Objective: To identify, in the specialized literature, how upper limb orthoses are used in clinical practice in Occupational Therapy for the rehabilitation of patients with neuromusculoskeletal conditions. Methods: Integrative literature review conducted on the databases BVS, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were: studies that were electronically available in full text, published between 2013 and 2023, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, addressing the use of orthoses in clinical practice in Occupational Therapy. Results: Seven studies were selected, six of which were international and one national. The samples in these studies included a total of 227 individuals using orthoses, ranging from children and adolescents, diagnosed with brain injury and/or cerebral palsy, to adults and elderly individuals, with diagnoses of osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, or stroke. The studies mentioned a variety of orthoses, highlighting the use of low-temperature moldable thermoplastic material in custom-made static orthoses, designed to stabilize/position the joints. Non-adherence and abandonment of the orthosis emerged as limitations in the selected studies. Conclusion: The use of upper limb orthoses in clinical occupational therapy practice is part of an individualized intervention and should be viewed as a means, not an end. There was a low publication rate of research on the subject, especially of national studies, indicating the need for more evidence-based studies to guide clinical practice. It is essential to develop research that documents the practice and clinical experience of occupational therapists, conducting mapping studies to identify, based on empirical and clinical experience, the efficiency and effectiveness of orthoses.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Flavia Felix da. Órteses de membro superior e a prática clínica em Terapia Ocupacional: revisão integrativa da literatura. 2024. 37 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2024.