Construção, abandono e ocupação: A história de imóveis ocupados por movimentos de moradia no Centro de São Paulo
Data
2024-03-20
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os edifícios ocupados por movimentos de moradia se tornaram marca indelével da paisagem paulistana, sobretudo no Centro do município, a partir da década de 1990. Questionando qual a história desses edifícios é que surgiu a dissertação “Construção, abandono e ocupação: A história de imóveis ocupados por movimentos de moradia no Centro de São Paulo”. A pesquisa mescla uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, de fontes primárias das ocumentações na municipalidade de tramitação das construções, de registros de hemerotecas sobre o uso dos edifícios e da análise do estudo de caso à luz da bibliografia existente sobre assuntos correlatos. Tomando os momentos de construção, abandono e ocupação como os principais marcadores da história desses imóveis e das dinâmicas sociais e urbanas que os incluem, foram selecionadas cinco ocupações existentes na atualidade na Sé como objetos imediatos de estudo. A pesquisa revelou que os imóveis estudados são exemplares típicos do processo de verticalização de edifícios de escritórios no Centro da capital paulista que chega ao seu ápice no início da segunda
metade do século XX. Resultado das grandes reformas urbanas que impuseram novas dinâmicas imobiliárias mesmo no Centro já densamente povoado. O abandono e esvaziamento dos imóveis foram os fenômenos mais difíceis de estudar pela falta de documentações e indícios precisos desses eventos. Ainda assim foi possível traçar paralelos entre trabalhos sobre vacância imobiliária em Centros comerciais, o processo histórico de saída de capitais, e a consequente popularização, do Centro de São Paulo e os edifícios estudados. As ocupações dos cinco prédios estudados ocorreram num curtíssimo período, entre os anos 2012 e 2015, numa nova onda de ações diretas dos
movimentos de moradia que respondiam à ampliação dos despejos, da especulação imobiliária e do encarecimento do custo de vida que vieram na esteira dos preparativos dos megaeventos esportivos no Brasil. Portanto, a pesquisa aborda as ações dos movimentos de luta por moradia como parte das insurgências urbanas daquele início dos anos 2010, que tiveram os atos de rua massivos das Jornadas de Junho de 2013 como
Centro de disputas políticas e de memória, enquanto a concentração geográfica das ocupações e as ações dos movimentos de moradia foram pouco debatidas nos meios políticos e acadêmicos.
The buildings occupied by housing movements became an indelible mark of the São Paulo landscape, especially in the downtown area, from the 1990s onwards. The question of the history of these buildings led to the dissertation “Construction, abandonment and occupation: The history of properties occupied by housing movements in São Paulo downtown area”. The research combines the use of Geographic Information Systems, primary sources of documentation in the municipality regarding the construction process, records from newspaper libraries on the use of buildings and the analysis of the case study in light of the existing bibliography on related subjects. Taking the moments of construction, abandonment and occupation as the main markers of the history of these properties and the social and urban dynamics that include them, five occupations currently existing in Sé were selected as immediate objects of study. The research revealed that the properties studied are typical examples of the process of verticalization of office buildings in the downtown area, which reached its peak at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. Result of major urban reforms that imposed new real estate dynamics even in the already densely populated center. The abandonment and emptying of properties were the most difficult phenomena to study due to the lack of documentation and precise evidence of these events. Even so, it was possible to draw parallels between work on real estate vacancy in shopping malls, the historical process of capital outflow, and the consequent popularization, of the city center of São Paulo and the buildings studied. The occupation of the five studied buildings occurred in a very short period, between 2012 and 2015, in a new wave of direct actions of housing movements that responded to the increase in evictions, real estate speculation and the increase in the cost of living that came with the preparations for the mega sporting events in Brazil. Therefore, the research addresses the actions of movements fighting for housing as part of the urban insurgencies of the early 2010s, which saw the massive street protests of the June days of 2013 as the center of political and memory disputes, while the geographic concentration of occupations and the actions of housing movements were little debated in political and academic circles.
The buildings occupied by housing movements became an indelible mark of the São Paulo landscape, especially in the downtown area, from the 1990s onwards. The question of the history of these buildings led to the dissertation “Construction, abandonment and occupation: The history of properties occupied by housing movements in São Paulo downtown area”. The research combines the use of Geographic Information Systems, primary sources of documentation in the municipality regarding the construction process, records from newspaper libraries on the use of buildings and the analysis of the case study in light of the existing bibliography on related subjects. Taking the moments of construction, abandonment and occupation as the main markers of the history of these properties and the social and urban dynamics that include them, five occupations currently existing in Sé were selected as immediate objects of study. The research revealed that the properties studied are typical examples of the process of verticalization of office buildings in the downtown area, which reached its peak at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. Result of major urban reforms that imposed new real estate dynamics even in the already densely populated center. The abandonment and emptying of properties were the most difficult phenomena to study due to the lack of documentation and precise evidence of these events. Even so, it was possible to draw parallels between work on real estate vacancy in shopping malls, the historical process of capital outflow, and the consequent popularization, of the city center of São Paulo and the buildings studied. The occupation of the five studied buildings occurred in a very short period, between 2012 and 2015, in a new wave of direct actions of housing movements that responded to the increase in evictions, real estate speculation and the increase in the cost of living that came with the preparations for the mega sporting events in Brazil. Therefore, the research addresses the actions of movements fighting for housing as part of the urban insurgencies of the early 2010s, which saw the massive street protests of the June days of 2013 as the center of political and memory disputes, while the geographic concentration of occupations and the actions of housing movements were little debated in political and academic circles.
Descrição
Citação
Monteiro, Vitor Mendes. Construção, abandono e ocupação: A história de imóveis ocupados por movimentos de moradia no Centro de São Paulo. 2024. – 187 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História). – Unifesp : Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciência Humanas.