Para além do The Making. A formação do conceito de classe social na obra de E. P. Thompson (1965-1991)
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2021-03-08
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A discussão sobre o conceito de classe trabalhadora tem sido objeto de atenção de importantes estudiosos marxistas. As notas inacabadas de Marx sobre o assunto estimularam discussões acaloradas sobre a definição do conceito. E. P. Thompson desde a década de 1960 até os anos 1990 procurou contribuir na definição de classe trabalhadora em termos históricos, a partir dos pressupostos marxianos, inaugurando uma forma original de se pensar sobre o conceito. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma breve síntese de sua teoria de classe social buscando ressaltar os principais elementos sociais e culturais evidenciados na análise do autor sobre o tema e demonstrar a forma como o conceito de classe e as evidências empíricas se relacionam e se transformam ao longo de sua pesquisa histórica. Em um primeiro momento, buscou-se identificar na vida pessoal e política do autor os principais elementos que influenciaram suas escolhas intelectuais; em um segundo momento, foi realizada uma breve incursão teórica a respeito do conceito de classe trabalhadora tratando, sucintamente, a respeito da metáfora da base/superestrutura e, por fim, buscou-se demonstrar como as escolhas teóricas do autor se relacionaram com suas pesquisas históricas acerca do século XVIII na Inglaterra, evidenciando os temas a respeito do novo ritmo de trabalho na consolidação do capitalismo industrial; o conflito entre gentry e plebe; a rough music e a venda de esposas como rituais importantes de equilíbrio social da cultura plebéia; e as lutas de classes do período entre os pobres e a classe dominante. O levantamento de textos foi feito mediante o mapeamento de dossiês brasileiros sobre a vida e obra de Thompson e consulta em bancos de dados como o Scielo, JSTOR e Project Muse, além do acesso aos artigos do autor publicados em coletâneas. Por meio das leituras, constatou-se que a proposta da abordagem thompsoniana é entrever as lutas de classes em um momento no qual a formação da classe ainda não havia sido realizada. Portanto, para compreender o conceito de classe é imprescindível a reflexão sobre luta de classes, consciência de classe, além de um forte senso de história como processo.
The discussion about the concept of social class has been the subject of attention by important Marxist scholars. Marx's unfinished notes on the subject stimulated heated discussions about the definition of the concept. E. P. Thompson from the 1960s to the 1990s sought to complete the gaps left by Marx regarding social classes, inaugurating an original way of thinking about the concept. In this sense, the present study aims to carry out a brief synthesis of his social class theory, seeking to highlight the main social and cultural elements evidenced in the author's analysis on the theme and demonstrate how the concept of social class and empirical evidence relate and transform throughout his historical research. At first, the objective was to identify in the author's personal and political life the main elements that influenced his intellectual choices; in a second moment, a brief theoretical foray about the concept of social class was carried out, briefly addressing the base / superstructure metaphor and, finally, the objective was to demonstrate how the author's theoretical choices were related to his evidence empirical information about the 18th century in England, highlighting the themes regarding the new pace of work in the consolidation of industrial capitalism; the conflict between gentry and commoners; rough music and the sale of wives as important rituals for the social balance of common culture; and the class struggles of the period between the poor and the ruling class. The survey of texts was done by mapping Brazilian dossiers on Thompson's life and work and consulting in databases such as Scielo, JSTOR and Project Muse, in addition to accessing the author's articles published in collections. Through the readings, it was found that the purpose of the Thompsonian approach is to glimpse class struggles at a time when class formation had not yet taken place. Therefore, in order to understand the concept of social class, it is essential to reflect on class struggles, class consciousness, as well as a strong sense of history as a process.
The discussion about the concept of social class has been the subject of attention by important Marxist scholars. Marx's unfinished notes on the subject stimulated heated discussions about the definition of the concept. E. P. Thompson from the 1960s to the 1990s sought to complete the gaps left by Marx regarding social classes, inaugurating an original way of thinking about the concept. In this sense, the present study aims to carry out a brief synthesis of his social class theory, seeking to highlight the main social and cultural elements evidenced in the author's analysis on the theme and demonstrate how the concept of social class and empirical evidence relate and transform throughout his historical research. At first, the objective was to identify in the author's personal and political life the main elements that influenced his intellectual choices; in a second moment, a brief theoretical foray about the concept of social class was carried out, briefly addressing the base / superstructure metaphor and, finally, the objective was to demonstrate how the author's theoretical choices were related to his evidence empirical information about the 18th century in England, highlighting the themes regarding the new pace of work in the consolidation of industrial capitalism; the conflict between gentry and commoners; rough music and the sale of wives as important rituals for the social balance of common culture; and the class struggles of the period between the poor and the ruling class. The survey of texts was done by mapping Brazilian dossiers on Thompson's life and work and consulting in databases such as Scielo, JSTOR and Project Muse, in addition to accessing the author's articles published in collections. Through the readings, it was found that the purpose of the Thompsonian approach is to glimpse class struggles at a time when class formation had not yet taken place. Therefore, in order to understand the concept of social class, it is essential to reflect on class struggles, class consciousness, as well as a strong sense of history as a process.
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Santos, Thatianne. Para além do The Making. A formação do conceito de classe social na obra de E. P. Thompson (1965-1991)