"Por que você não pegou Miguel Otávio no colo?" Branquitude e negligenciamento das crianças negras
Data
2024-07-02
Autores
Batista, Amanda Massucci 
Orientadores
Souza, Ellen de Lima
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como a branquitude percebe as crianças negras, verificando quais caminhos são percorridos para a constituição do discurso de supremacia branca que culmina no negligenciamento dessas crianças. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso da morte evitável de Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva, aos cinco anos de idade, em Recife/PE. No dia 02 de junho de 2020, Miguel Otávio, filho de Mirtes Renata Santana de Souza, ficou sob a responsabilidade de Sarí Mariana Gaspar Corte Real, então patroa de sua mãe, enquanto a empregada doméstica levava a cachorra da família para fazer suas necessidades. Ao buscar pela mãe, Miguel é deixado sozinho no elevador, desce no nono andar do edifício em que se encontrava, de onde cai e morre. A partir deste caso, realizo uma reflexão acerca do trabalho doméstico no âmbito do cuidado de crianças pequenas e bebês, que no Brasil é historicamente realizado por mulheres negras. Além dessa primeira reflexão, a pesquisa analisa o discurso de defesa de Sarí Corte Real em dois documentos jurídicos; uma entrevista realizada com a acusada no programa Fantástico da Rede Globo de televisão; e, comentários que defendem a ex-patroa de Mirtes Renata na rede social X (antigo Twitter). O conceito de branquitude é o principal eixo de tal análise e o referencial teórico utilizado considera a infância como uma construção social, além de partir da perspectiva de autores afrocentrados e/ou críticos ao adultocentrismo. Nos dados analisados foi possível encontrar elementos discursivos
que explicitam e contribuem para a manutenção da forma social escravista (Sodré, 2023), preservando uma sensibilidade coletiva concreta na qual mantém-se as hierarquias raciais. Nas construções narrativas da defesa de Sarí Corte Real, menor é o descritor mais utilizado para referir-se a Miguel Otávio, enquanto agente é o descritor mais utilizado para Sarí. A defesa pauta-se em adjetivar Miguel Otávio, construindo um espectro, além de reduzido, pejorativo em relação ao seu comportamento. No que diz respeito à análise da repercussão do caso, foi possível verificar aspectos cruciais relacionados ao modo de funcionamento do pacto da branquitude (Bento, 2002), como a reiteração do argumento utilizado pela defesa da acusada, de que a mesma fez tudo o que estava em seu alcance, em um dos programas de maior índice de audiência da televisão nacional. Na análise da opinião pública foi possível perceber que os comentários que defendem Sarí Corte Real, por mais que existam em menor quantidade do que os que pedem justiça por Miguel, afirmam-se por discursos adultocêntricos e racistas, culpabilizando ora Mirtes Renata, ora Miguel Otávio por sua própria morte.
The present research aims to analyze how whiteness perceives black children, verifying which paths are taken to create the discourse of white supremacy that culminates in the neglect of these children. This is qualitative research, based on the case study of the preventable death of Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva, at the age of five, in Recife/PE. On June 2, 2020, Miguel Otávio, son of Mirtes Renata Santana de Souza, was under the responsibility of Sarí Mariana Gaspar Corte Real, his mother's boss at the time, while the domestic worker took the family dog to do her business. When looking for his mother, Miguel is left alone in the elevator, he goes down to the ninth floor of the building where he was, where he falls and dies. Based on this case, I reflect on domestic work in the context of caring for young children and babies, which in Brazil has historically been carried out by black women. In addition to this first reflection, the research analyzes Sarí Corte Real's defense speech in two legal documents; an interview carried out with the accused on the Fantástico program on Rede Globo television; and, comments defending Mirtes' ex-boss on the social network X (old Twitter). The concept of whiteness is the main axis of such analysis and the theoretical framework used considers childhood as a social construction, in addition to coming from the perspective of Afro-centric authors and/or critics of adult-centrism. In the data analyzed, it was possible to find discursive elements that explain and contribute to the maintenance of the slave social form (Sodré, 2023), preserving a concrete collective sensitivity in which racial hierarchies are maintained. In the narrative constructions of Sarí Corte Real's defense, minor is the most used descriptor to refer to Miguel Otávio, while agent is the most used descriptor for Sarí. The defense is based on adjectivizing Miguel Otávio, building a spectrum, in addition to being reduced, that is pejorative in relation to his behavior. With regard to the analysis of the repercussion of the case, it was possible to verify crucial aspects related to the way in which the whiteness pact works (Bento, 2002), as a reiteration of the argument used by the accused's defense, that she did everything in her power, in one of the programs with the highest ratings on national television. In the analysis of public opinion, it was possible to notice that the comments defending Sarí Corte Real, although there are fewer of them than those asking for justice for Miguel, are based on adult-centric and racist speeches, blaming sometimes Mirtes Renata, sometimes Miguel Otávio by his own death.
The present research aims to analyze how whiteness perceives black children, verifying which paths are taken to create the discourse of white supremacy that culminates in the neglect of these children. This is qualitative research, based on the case study of the preventable death of Miguel Otávio Santana da Silva, at the age of five, in Recife/PE. On June 2, 2020, Miguel Otávio, son of Mirtes Renata Santana de Souza, was under the responsibility of Sarí Mariana Gaspar Corte Real, his mother's boss at the time, while the domestic worker took the family dog to do her business. When looking for his mother, Miguel is left alone in the elevator, he goes down to the ninth floor of the building where he was, where he falls and dies. Based on this case, I reflect on domestic work in the context of caring for young children and babies, which in Brazil has historically been carried out by black women. In addition to this first reflection, the research analyzes Sarí Corte Real's defense speech in two legal documents; an interview carried out with the accused on the Fantástico program on Rede Globo television; and, comments defending Mirtes' ex-boss on the social network X (old Twitter). The concept of whiteness is the main axis of such analysis and the theoretical framework used considers childhood as a social construction, in addition to coming from the perspective of Afro-centric authors and/or critics of adult-centrism. In the data analyzed, it was possible to find discursive elements that explain and contribute to the maintenance of the slave social form (Sodré, 2023), preserving a concrete collective sensitivity in which racial hierarchies are maintained. In the narrative constructions of Sarí Corte Real's defense, minor is the most used descriptor to refer to Miguel Otávio, while agent is the most used descriptor for Sarí. The defense is based on adjectivizing Miguel Otávio, building a spectrum, in addition to being reduced, that is pejorative in relation to his behavior. With regard to the analysis of the repercussion of the case, it was possible to verify crucial aspects related to the way in which the whiteness pact works (Bento, 2002), as a reiteration of the argument used by the accused's defense, that she did everything in her power, in one of the programs with the highest ratings on national television. In the analysis of public opinion, it was possible to notice that the comments defending Sarí Corte Real, although there are fewer of them than those asking for justice for Miguel, are based on adult-centric and racist speeches, blaming sometimes Mirtes Renata, sometimes Miguel Otávio by his own death.
Descrição
Citação
Batista, Amanda Massucci. “Por que você não pegou Miguel Otávio no colo?” Branquitude e negligenciamento das crianças negras – Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação). Orientadora: Ellen de Lima Souza - Unifesp : Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. 2024. – 152 f.