Aparelhos orais e aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais para tratamento da apnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças: revisão sistemática Cochrane
Arquivos
Data
2006
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A apnéia obstrutiva do sono é caracterizada pela ausência ou redução do fluxo aéreo pelo nariz ou boca durante o sono. Em crianças, os fatores de risco incluem hipertrofia adenotonsilar, obesidade, desordens neuromusculares e anomalias craniofaciais. O tratamento mais comum para a síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças é a adenotonsilectomia. Este procedimento é limitado devido aos riscos cirúrgicos, principalmente em crianças com co-morbidades, e em alguns pacientes pode haver recorrência, devido a associação com problemas craniofaciais. Os aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais e os aparelhos orais têm sido usados em crianças que têm síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono e anomalias craniofaciais. Tais aparelhos mudam a postura mandibular para anterior e aumentam potencialmente a via aérea superior, aumentando assim o espaço aéreo e melhorando a função respiratória. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade dos aparelhos orais e aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais para tratamento da apnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças. Estratégia de busca: Uma sensível busca foi desenvolvida para Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library - Issue 2); PubMed (Janeiro de 1966 a Setembro de 2005); EMBASE (1980 a Setembro de 2005); Lilacs (1982 a Setembro de 2005); BBO - Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (1986 a Setembro de 2005); SciELO (1997 a Setembro de 2005). Não houve restrição de idioma ou fonte de informação. Critério de seleção: Todos os ensaios clínicos randomizados ou quasi-randomizados comparando todos os tipos de aparelhos orais e aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais com placebo ou não-tratamento, em crianças de 15 anos ou mais jovens, cujo desfecho primário fosse redução do índice de apnéia/hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono para valores menores que 1 episódio por hora de sono medido pela polissonografia e cujos desfechos secundários fossem avaliação
da melhora na relação dental e esqueletal, nos parâmetros do sono, na
função cognitiva e fonoaudiológica, nos problemas comportamentais,
qualidade de vida, efeitos colaterais, desistências e avaliação econômica. Extração de dados e análises: Os dados foram extraídos independentemente por dois revisores. Alguns autores foram contactados para informações adicionais. Para o ensaio clínico incluído, foi calculado risco relativo com 95% de intervalo de confiança para todos os desfechos dicotômicos. Resultados:Identificamos 384 estudos pela pesquisa eletrônica. Apenas um dos ensaios clínicos, que reportava resultados de vinte e três pacientes, foi incluído nesta revisão. Os dados disponíveis na publicação não responderam a todas as questões dessa revisão, mas algumas questões puderam ser
respondidas e o tratamento mostrou-se eficaz quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusão do revisor: No momento, as evidências não são suficientes para se afirmar que os aparelhos orais ou os aparelhos ortopédicos funcionais são de fato efetivos no tratamento da apnéia obstrutiva do sono em crianças, entretanto, os aparelhos orais e ortopédicos funcionais devem ser usados em casos específicos como auxiliar no tratamento de crianças com anomalias craniofaciais, pois esse é um fator de risco para apnéia na criança.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea is marked by the absence or reduction of the airflow at the nose or mouth during sleep In children, risk factors include adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, neuromuscular disorders and craniofacial anomalies The most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood is adenotonsillectomy. This approach is limited by its surgical risks, mostly in children with comorbities and, in some patients, by recurrence that can be associated with craniofacial problems. Functional oral appliances and oral appliances have been used for patients who have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and craniofacial anomalies because they change the mandible posture forwards and potentially enlarge upper airway and increase upper airway, improving the respiratory function. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of oral appliances and functional oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Search strategy A sensitive search was developed for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library - Issue 2); PubMed (January 1966 to September 2005); EMBASE (1980 to September 2005); Lilacs (1982 to September 2005); BBO-Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (1986 to September 2005); SciELO (1997 to September 2005).There was no restriction of language or source of information. Selection criteria: All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing all types of oral appliances and Functional oral appliances with placebo or no treatment, in children with 15 years old or younger, which primary outcome was reduction of apnoea to less than one episode per hour and which secondary outcomes were dental and skeletal relationship, sleep parameters improvement, cognitive and phonoaudiologic function, behavioral problems, drop outs and withdrawals, quality of life, side effects (tolerability), economic evaluation. Data collection & analysis: Data were independently extracted, by two reviewers (FRC & DLO). Authors were contacted for additional informations. For the trial included, relative risk with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all important dichotomous outcomes. Main results: The initial search identified 384 trials. One of them, reporting results from a total of 23 patients, was suitable for inclusion in the review. Data provided in the published report, did not answer all questions from this review, but some of them were, and the treatment showed favourable to intervention compared to control group. Reviewers' conclusions: At this moment the evidences are not sufficient to state that the oral appliances and functional oral appliances are effective in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children, however the oral appliances and functional oral appliances must be used in sellected patients as an auxiliary in the treatment to children who have craniofacial anomalies, because it is a risk factor for apnoea in children.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea is marked by the absence or reduction of the airflow at the nose or mouth during sleep In children, risk factors include adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, neuromuscular disorders and craniofacial anomalies The most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood is adenotonsillectomy. This approach is limited by its surgical risks, mostly in children with comorbities and, in some patients, by recurrence that can be associated with craniofacial problems. Functional oral appliances and oral appliances have been used for patients who have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and craniofacial anomalies because they change the mandible posture forwards and potentially enlarge upper airway and increase upper airway, improving the respiratory function. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of oral appliances and functional oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Search strategy A sensitive search was developed for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library - Issue 2); PubMed (January 1966 to September 2005); EMBASE (1980 to September 2005); Lilacs (1982 to September 2005); BBO-Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (1986 to September 2005); SciELO (1997 to September 2005).There was no restriction of language or source of information. Selection criteria: All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing all types of oral appliances and Functional oral appliances with placebo or no treatment, in children with 15 years old or younger, which primary outcome was reduction of apnoea to less than one episode per hour and which secondary outcomes were dental and skeletal relationship, sleep parameters improvement, cognitive and phonoaudiologic function, behavioral problems, drop outs and withdrawals, quality of life, side effects (tolerability), economic evaluation. Data collection & analysis: Data were independently extracted, by two reviewers (FRC & DLO). Authors were contacted for additional informations. For the trial included, relative risk with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all important dichotomous outcomes. Main results: The initial search identified 384 trials. One of them, reporting results from a total of 23 patients, was suitable for inclusion in the review. Data provided in the published report, did not answer all questions from this review, but some of them were, and the treatment showed favourable to intervention compared to control group. Reviewers' conclusions: At this moment the evidences are not sufficient to state that the oral appliances and functional oral appliances are effective in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children, however the oral appliances and functional oral appliances must be used in sellected patients as an auxiliary in the treatment to children who have craniofacial anomalies, because it is a risk factor for apnoea in children.
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Citação
São Paulo: [s.n.], 2006. 203 p.