Microplásticos em berbigão Tivela mactroides das praias de Santos
Data
2024-09-05
Autores
Moreira, Gustavo Rodrigues 
Orientadores
Castro, Ítalo Braga de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Microplásticos (MPs) podem causar efeitos tóxicos sobre organismos marinhos com os quais ingerem sendo amplamente presentes em ambientes naturais e biodisponíveis para uma gama de espécies. Moluscos bivalves filtradores, são organismos filtradores e úteis para avaliar qualidade e a saúde do ambiente, visto que são capazes de refletir a contaminação por MPs. Estudos conduzidos realizados por nosso grupo de pesquisa demonstraram as maiores concentrações de MPs reportadas para mexilhões ao redor do mundo, no Sistema Estuarino de Santos. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre o acúmulo de MPs em bivalves habitantes de praias arenosas da região. A cidade de Santos, localizada no Estado de São Paulo, é amplamente urbanizada e suas praias sofrem com a descarga de contaminantes e resíduos sólidos relacionados à ocupação humana associada, atividades portuárias, turísticas e industriais. Baseado nesse cenário, o presente projeto visa avaliar a contaminação por MPs em praias de Santos usando o berbigão Tivela mactroires, como sentinelas. Para tanto, organismos da espécie foram coletados ao longo de 5 pontos distribuídos na faixa de areia e processados quanto à concentração de microplásticos acumulados em seus tecidos moles. Aspectos qualitativos como forma, cor e tamanho também foram analisados nas amostras obtidas. Os resultados mostraram a presença de MPs em todas as amostras analisadas, além de uma ampla diversidade de tipos de microplásticos. Partículas do tipo fibras, seguidas de fragmentos, filmes e pellets foram as mãos frequentemente encontradas, enquanto MPs transparentes, brancos, pretos, azuis e vermelhas foram os mais encontrados. A análise das classes de tamanho revelou uma predominância de partículas pequenas, com maior concentração de MPs na faixa de 1.2 a 1000 µm, sugerindo uma potencial facilidade de penetração e acúmulo nos tecidos biológicos de T. mactroides. Esses resultados demonstram contaminação por MPs nas praias de Santos com origem ainda não esclarecida.
Microplastics (MPs) can cause toxic effects on marine organisms that ingest them, being widely present in natural environments and bioavailable to a range of species. Filter-feeding bivalve mollusks are useful organisms for assessing the quality and health of the environment, as they can reflect contamination by MPs. Studies conducted by our research group have demonstrated the highest concentrations of MPs reported for mussels around the world in the Santos Estuarine System. Despite this, little is known about the accumulation of MPs in bivalves inhabiting the sandy beaches of the region. The city of Santos, located in the State of São Paulo, is highly urbanized, and its beaches suffer from the discharge of contaminants and solid waste related to human occupation, port activities, tourism, and industry. Based on this scenario, the present project aims to assess MP contamination on the beaches of Santos using the cockle Tivela mactroides as sentinels. To this end, organisms of the species were collected along 5 points distributed on the sand strip and processed for the concentration of microplastics accumulated in their soft tissues. Qualitative aspects such as shape, color, and size were also analyzed in the obtained samples. The results showed the presence of MPs in all analyzed samples, as well as a wide diversity of microplastic types. Fiber-type particles, followed by fragments, films, and pellets, were the most frequently found, while transparent, white, black, blue, and red MPs were the most found. The size class analysis revealed a predominance of small particles, with the highest concentration of MPs in the range of 1.2 to 1000 µm, suggesting a potential ease of penetration and accumulation in the biological tissues of T. mactroides. These results demonstrate contamination by MPs on the beaches of Santos with still unclear origins.
Microplastics (MPs) can cause toxic effects on marine organisms that ingest them, being widely present in natural environments and bioavailable to a range of species. Filter-feeding bivalve mollusks are useful organisms for assessing the quality and health of the environment, as they can reflect contamination by MPs. Studies conducted by our research group have demonstrated the highest concentrations of MPs reported for mussels around the world in the Santos Estuarine System. Despite this, little is known about the accumulation of MPs in bivalves inhabiting the sandy beaches of the region. The city of Santos, located in the State of São Paulo, is highly urbanized, and its beaches suffer from the discharge of contaminants and solid waste related to human occupation, port activities, tourism, and industry. Based on this scenario, the present project aims to assess MP contamination on the beaches of Santos using the cockle Tivela mactroides as sentinels. To this end, organisms of the species were collected along 5 points distributed on the sand strip and processed for the concentration of microplastics accumulated in their soft tissues. Qualitative aspects such as shape, color, and size were also analyzed in the obtained samples. The results showed the presence of MPs in all analyzed samples, as well as a wide diversity of microplastic types. Fiber-type particles, followed by fragments, films, and pellets, were the most frequently found, while transparent, white, black, blue, and red MPs were the most found. The size class analysis revealed a predominance of small particles, with the highest concentration of MPs in the range of 1.2 to 1000 µm, suggesting a potential ease of penetration and accumulation in the biological tissues of T. mactroides. These results demonstrate contamination by MPs on the beaches of Santos with still unclear origins.
Descrição
Citação
MOREIRA, Gustavo Rodrigues. Microplásticos em berbigão Tivela mactroides das praias de Santos. 2024. 26 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2024.