Estudo da neurotransmissão periférica na musculatura lisa do ducto deferente de ratos periadolescentes tratados agudamente com uma dose simples e combinada de anfetamina e etanol
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2011-03-30
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Dissertação de mestrado
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Justificativa: Devido aos poucos estudos que enfatizam o tratamento agudo in vivo com anfetamina e etanol e sua conseqüência na transmissão noradrenérgica da musculatura lisa de animais jovens, decidimos estudar os efeitos do tratamento simultâneo destes dois fármacos, estudando-os também isoladamente e em diferentes dosagens, tendo como modelo o ducto deferente (DD) de ratos periadolescentes, faixa etária que é pouco considerada nos estudos farmacológicos e que apresenta na maioria das vezes respostas diferentes daquelas esperadas para animais adultos e que podem determinar o desenvolvimento do animal. Materiais e métodos: Os animais periadolescentes foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais. A anfetamina (AMPH) foi administrada nas dosagens de 3 mg/Kg e 7 mg/Kg, enquanto o etanol (EtOH) foi administrado nas dosagens de 4 mL/Kg e 8 mL/Kg. A anfetamina e o etanol foram administrados tanto isoladamente quanto simultaneamente (AMPH 3 mg/Kg + EtOH 4 mL/Kg e AMPH 7 mg/Kg + EtOH 8 mL/Kg) para verificar possíveis interações. Para os experimentos funcionais, o DD foi montado sob tensão de 1 grama num banho de órgão isolado. As mudanças de tensão foram registradas em fisiógrafo. Curvas concentração-efeito cumulativas foram realizadas para agonistas adrenérgicos (noradrenalina, dopamina, fenilefrina) e bário e os parâmetros farmacológicos Emax, pD2 e ρ medidos e analisados. Curvas tempo-resposta também foram realizadas para a tiramina, para checar a liberação de noradrenalina endógena. Para avaliar a contração neurogênica ao estímulo Elétrico Transmural (EET) o DD foi montado em banho de órgão isolado entre dois eletrodos. Estímulos de 60 V, 1 ms de duração com freqüências de 0,1 a 20 Hz foram empregados. Para avaliar a participação do íon cálcio, o DD foi despolarizado por 5 minutos com 80mM de KCl na ausência de Ca+2 e na presença de EGTA (10μM) seguido pela adição de uma dose única de CaCl2 (10mM por 10 minutos). Para a dosagem de noradrenalina utilizou-se o detector eletroquímico para a detecção das catecolaminas e o HPLC, Shimadzu, coluna Chromolith RP-18e (Merck) para a separação das mesmas. As concentrações de corticosterona plasmáticas foram quantificadas por radioimunoensaio específico para ratos. Resultados: O grupo tratado com AMPH 3 mg/Kg apresentou uma potencialização da resposta contrátil do DD à noradrenalina, ao bário e ao cálcio, sem alterar a contração neurogênica. Observou-se, ainda, que o conteúdo de catecolaminas foi reduzido. Com o aumento da dosagem do tratamento (AMPH 7 mg/Kg) observou-se apenas uma redução da contração fásica ao EET e do conteúdo de noradrenalina determinado pelo HPLC. O grupo tratado com EtOH 4 mL/Kg apresentou uma diminuição da contratilidade do DD à noradrenalina, fenilefrina e bário, e ao EET, assim como um menor conteúdo de catecolaminas. A resposta ao cálcio não foi alterada. Com o aumento da dosagem (EtOH 8 mL/Kg) a resposta do DD a agonistas adrenérgicos, bário e ao EET não foi alterada. Em contrapartida, tal tratamento deprimiu a resposta tônica das curvas tempo-efeito para o cálcio mostrou uma tendência de aumento do conteúdo neuronal de noradrenalina. O grupo tratado com AMPH 3 mg/Kg + EtOH 4 mL/Kg não apresentou quaisquer alterações nos protocolos experimentais utilizados. Estes dados sugerem que a anfetamina e o etanol poderiam estar atuando de forma antagônica. Utilizando dosagens maiores para este tratamento simultâneo (AMPH 7 mg/Kg + EtOH 8 mL/Kg) observamos nenhuma alteração significativa nos protocolos experimentais testados. No entanto, este tratamento anulou os efeitos individuais do pré-tratamento com cada fármaco no EET e nas curvas tempo-efeito para o cálcio. Os tratamentos com anfetamina (7 mg/Kg) ou etanol (4 mL/Kg e/ou 8 mL/Kg), assim como os tratamentos simultâneos mostraram uma tendência de aumento da concentração plasmática de corticosterona. Conclusões: Desta forma, observamos um efeito antagônico entre a anfetamina e o etanol quando administrados simultaneamente, possivelmente por agir em sítios intracelulares próprios ou competir por estes, quanto aos efeitos na neurotransmissão simpática de animais periadolescentes.
Justification: Because of the few studies that emphasize the in vivo acute treatment with amphetamine and ethanol, and their consequence onnoradrenergic transmission in the smooth muscles of young animals, we decided to study the effect of these drugs on peripheral sympathetic neurotransmission. We use d he vas deferens (VD) of periadolescent rats as a model for the study of sympathetic neurotransmission. Materials and methods: The periadolescent animals were divided into six groups. Amphetamine (AMPH) was administered at doses of 3 mg/kg 7 mg/kg, while ethanol (EtOH) was administered at doses of 4 mL /kg or 8 mL/kg. Amphetamine and ethanol were administered either alone or simultaneously (AMPH 3 mg/kg + EtOH, 4 mL/kg por AMPH 7 mg/kg + EtOH 8 mL/kg) to investigate possible interactions. For functional experiments, the VD was mounted under 1 g tension in isolated organ bath. The contraction was recorded in physiograph. Cumulative concentration-effect curves were made for adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine) and barium. Pharmacological +parameters E max, ripD and ρ were analyzed. Time - response curves were also performed for tyramine, to check the release of endogenous nor adrenaline. To evaluate the neurogenic contraction to electrical field stimulation (EFS) the VD was mounted on the isolated organ bath between two electrodes. Stimuli of 60 V, 1 ms duration at frequencies of 0.1 to 20 Hz were employed To evaluate the role of calciu m the V D was depolarized for 5 minutes with 80 mM KCl in the absence of Ca +2 in the presence of EGTA (10μM) followed by the addition of a single dose of CaCl 2 (10 mM for 10 minutes). For the dosage of noradrenaline we used an electrochemical detector for t he detection of catecholamine in HPLC, Shimadzu, column RP - 18e Chromolith (Merck). Plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: T he group treated with AMPH 3 mg /kg showed a potentiating of the VD contractile response of noradrenaline, barium and calcium, without chang e of neurogenic contraction . It was noted also that the content of noradrenaline was reduced. With increasing dosage (AMPH 7 mg/ kg) we found only a reduction of phasic contraction to the E FS and the content o f noradrenaline determined by HP LC. The group treated with EtOH 4 mL/ k g showed a decrease in VD contractility to noradrena line , p henylephrine and barium, and EFS , as well as a lower content of catecholamine. The response to calcium was unchanged. Wi th incr easing dosage (EtOH 8 mL /kg) t he response of the agonists and barium, and the EFS was not changed. In contrast, such treatment depressed the tonic response for time - effect curves for calcium showed a tendency for increasing, though not significant ly , the c ontent of noradrenaline. T he group treated with AMPH 3 mg /kg + EtOH, 4 mL/kg did not show any changes in experimental protocols used. These data suggest that amphetamine and ethanol could be acting antagonistically. Using higher doses for this si multaneous treatment (AMPH 7 mg / kg + EtOH 8 mL / kg) we found no alteration in the experimental protocols tested. However, this treatment nullified the effects of each individual drug in the E FS and the time - effect curves for calcium. The treatments with amphetamine ( 7 mg / kg) or ethanol (4 mL / kg and / or 8 mL / kg) XXIV and simul t aneous treatments, did not significantly increase plasma concentrations of corticosterone . Conclusion: We observed a possible antagonism between amphetamine and ethanol when adm inistered simultaneously on peripheral sympathetic neurotransmission of periadolescent animals
Justification: Because of the few studies that emphasize the in vivo acute treatment with amphetamine and ethanol, and their consequence onnoradrenergic transmission in the smooth muscles of young animals, we decided to study the effect of these drugs on peripheral sympathetic neurotransmission. We use d he vas deferens (VD) of periadolescent rats as a model for the study of sympathetic neurotransmission. Materials and methods: The periadolescent animals were divided into six groups. Amphetamine (AMPH) was administered at doses of 3 mg/kg 7 mg/kg, while ethanol (EtOH) was administered at doses of 4 mL /kg or 8 mL/kg. Amphetamine and ethanol were administered either alone or simultaneously (AMPH 3 mg/kg + EtOH, 4 mL/kg por AMPH 7 mg/kg + EtOH 8 mL/kg) to investigate possible interactions. For functional experiments, the VD was mounted under 1 g tension in isolated organ bath. The contraction was recorded in physiograph. Cumulative concentration-effect curves were made for adrenergic agonists (noradrenaline, dopamine, phenylephrine) and barium. Pharmacological +parameters E max, ripD and ρ were analyzed. Time - response curves were also performed for tyramine, to check the release of endogenous nor adrenaline. To evaluate the neurogenic contraction to electrical field stimulation (EFS) the VD was mounted on the isolated organ bath between two electrodes. Stimuli of 60 V, 1 ms duration at frequencies of 0.1 to 20 Hz were employed To evaluate the role of calciu m the V D was depolarized for 5 minutes with 80 mM KCl in the absence of Ca +2 in the presence of EGTA (10μM) followed by the addition of a single dose of CaCl 2 (10 mM for 10 minutes). For the dosage of noradrenaline we used an electrochemical detector for t he detection of catecholamine in HPLC, Shimadzu, column RP - 18e Chromolith (Merck). Plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: T he group treated with AMPH 3 mg /kg showed a potentiating of the VD contractile response of noradrenaline, barium and calcium, without chang e of neurogenic contraction . It was noted also that the content of noradrenaline was reduced. With increasing dosage (AMPH 7 mg/ kg) we found only a reduction of phasic contraction to the E FS and the content o f noradrenaline determined by HP LC. The group treated with EtOH 4 mL/ k g showed a decrease in VD contractility to noradrena line , p henylephrine and barium, and EFS , as well as a lower content of catecholamine. The response to calcium was unchanged. Wi th incr easing dosage (EtOH 8 mL /kg) t he response of the agonists and barium, and the EFS was not changed. In contrast, such treatment depressed the tonic response for time - effect curves for calcium showed a tendency for increasing, though not significant ly , the c ontent of noradrenaline. T he group treated with AMPH 3 mg /kg + EtOH, 4 mL/kg did not show any changes in experimental protocols used. These data suggest that amphetamine and ethanol could be acting antagonistically. Using higher doses for this si multaneous treatment (AMPH 7 mg / kg + EtOH 8 mL / kg) we found no alteration in the experimental protocols tested. However, this treatment nullified the effects of each individual drug in the E FS and the time - effect curves for calcium. The treatments with amphetamine ( 7 mg / kg) or ethanol (4 mL / kg and / or 8 mL / kg) XXIV and simul t aneous treatments, did not significantly increase plasma concentrations of corticosterone . Conclusion: We observed a possible antagonism between amphetamine and ethanol when adm inistered simultaneously on peripheral sympathetic neurotransmission of periadolescent animals
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SILVA JÚNIOR, Edilson Dantas da. Estudo da neurotransmissão periférica na musculatura lisa do ducto deferente de ratos periadolescentes tratados agudamente com uma dose simples e combinada de anfetamina e etanol. 2011. 122 fl. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2011.