Contaminação fúngica em cascas de quixaba comercializadas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, CE
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Data
2011-05-25
Autores
Silva, Emanuel Mauricio Bezerra e [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Rodrigues, Eliana [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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O uso de plantas medicinais como forma de tratamento de doenças é prática de civilizações antigas como a chinesa e a egípcia, cujos registros datam de 3.000 a.C. e 2.000 a.C., respectivamente. Há evidências de que o homem pré-histórico já utilizava plantas medicinais para amenizar os sofrimentos e os males físicos que lhes acometiam. A quixaba [Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schlt.) T.D. Penn.] é um exemplo de planta medicinal utilizada na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, para o tratamento de inflamações em geral, na forma de decoto ou maceração. No entanto, o uso de plantas medicinais deve se dar de maneira orientada, submetido ao controle sanitário, de modo que o uso não ocasione problemas à saúde da população que as consome. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a contaminação fúngica em cascas de quixaba comercializadas nos mercados públicos da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. Para tanto, utilizou-se de métodos e técnicas da etnografia, tais como a observação participante, entrevistas informais e semiestruturadas, para a realização do trabalho de campo, sendo selecionados para participarem do estudo, 20 (vinte) ervaneiros de 03 (três) mercados públicos da cidade. Destes, foram adquiridas amostras de cascas de quixaba, na forma de compra em duplicata, totalizando 40 (quarenta) amostras. As amostras foram submetidas à análise macroscópica, quanto à presença de elementos estranhos ou traços de outras plantas medicinais, e análise microscópica, utilizando o método de Câmara Úmida. A análise macroscópica revelou que 10% das amostras apresentaram exúvias e outros restos de insetos, além de teias de aranha. Quanto a análise microscópica, 100% das amostras apresentaram-se contaminadas por fungos, sendo os mais frequentes Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium solani e Penicillium sp.. Estes resultados revelam que as cascas de quixaba comercializadas nos mercados de Juazeiro do Norte estavam em condições sanitárias precárias para consumo, indicando condições insatisfatórias de armazenamento e comercialização, além de possibilitarem danos à saúde dos consumidores.
The use of medicinal plants as a means for treating diseases was a practice in ancient civilizations such as the Chinese and the Egyptian civilizations, whose records date from 3,000 B.C. and 2,000 B.C., respectively. There is evidence that the prehistoric humans already used medicinal plants to ease their suffering and physical illnesses. Quixaba [Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schlt.) T.D. Penn.] is an example of a medicinal plant used in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, to treat inflammations in general, either trimmed or macerated. However, the use of medicinal plants must be guided and submitted to health control, so that using the plants does not cause problems to the health of the population which consumes them. The main purpose of this study was to check fungal contamination on quixaba peels commercialized in public markets in Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. For that purpose, ethnography methods and techniques were used, such as participant observation and informal and semi structured interviews to carry out the field work, and 20 (twenty) herbal professionals from 03 (three) public markets in the city were selected to participate in this study. Quixaba peel samples were collected from the above mentioned professionals, through double purchase, totaling 40 (forty) samples. The samples were submitted to macroscopic analysis to search for foreign elements or traces of other medicinal plants, and to microscopic analysis, through the Humidity Chamber method. The macroscopic analysis showed that 10% of the samples had exuviae and other insect remains, as well as spider webs. As for the microscopic analysis, 100% of the samples were contaminated by fungi, with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium sp. as the most frequent. These results show that quixaba peels commercialized at markets in Juazeiro do Norte were in precarious health conditions for consumption, fact which indicates unsatisfactory storage and commercialization conditions, and were causing damages to the consumers' health.
The use of medicinal plants as a means for treating diseases was a practice in ancient civilizations such as the Chinese and the Egyptian civilizations, whose records date from 3,000 B.C. and 2,000 B.C., respectively. There is evidence that the prehistoric humans already used medicinal plants to ease their suffering and physical illnesses. Quixaba [Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Humb. ex Roem. & Schlt.) T.D. Penn.] is an example of a medicinal plant used in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, to treat inflammations in general, either trimmed or macerated. However, the use of medicinal plants must be guided and submitted to health control, so that using the plants does not cause problems to the health of the population which consumes them. The main purpose of this study was to check fungal contamination on quixaba peels commercialized in public markets in Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. For that purpose, ethnography methods and techniques were used, such as participant observation and informal and semi structured interviews to carry out the field work, and 20 (twenty) herbal professionals from 03 (three) public markets in the city were selected to participate in this study. Quixaba peel samples were collected from the above mentioned professionals, through double purchase, totaling 40 (forty) samples. The samples were submitted to macroscopic analysis to search for foreign elements or traces of other medicinal plants, and to microscopic analysis, through the Humidity Chamber method. The macroscopic analysis showed that 10% of the samples had exuviae and other insect remains, as well as spider webs. As for the microscopic analysis, 100% of the samples were contaminated by fungi, with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium solani, and Penicillium sp. as the most frequent. These results show that quixaba peels commercialized at markets in Juazeiro do Norte were in precarious health conditions for consumption, fact which indicates unsatisfactory storage and commercialization conditions, and were causing damages to the consumers' health.
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Citação
SILVA, Emanuel Mauricio Bezerra e. Contaminação fúngica em cascas de quixaba comercializadas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, CE. 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2011.