Caracterização de autoanticorpos associados ao padrão de imunofluorescência “Rods & Rings” em pacientes infectados com o vírus da Hepatite C
Data
2011-07-27
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Introdução: Pacientes com Hepatite C frequentemente tendem a produzir autoanticorpos. No teste fator antinúcleo em células HEp-2 (ANA-HEp-20), esses autoanticorpos geram diversos padrões de imunofluorescência, sendo o nuclear pontilhado fino o mais frequente deles. Recentemente, tem sido descrito um novo padrão de ANA-HEp-2 em pacientes com HCV, denominado padrão Rods e Rings (R&R), caracterizado por anéis e bastões. Objetivos: Avaliar as características clínicas, virológicas e padrão de resposta terapêutica dos pacientes que apresentam autoanticorpos que geram o padrão R&R, bem como proceder a uma avaliação preliminar dos aspectos celulares e moleculares desse novo sistema de autoantígenos. Métodos: Amostras de soro coletadas de 1998 até 2008 de 597 pacientes foram submetidas ao teste de ANA-HEp-2 em lâminas Euroimmun ou INOVA e classificados como R&R positivos quando apresentaram fluorescência sob forma de bastões de 3 a 10μm de comprimento e anéis de 2 a 5μm de diâmetro no citoplasma das células HEp-2. Entre os pacientes testados, 342 tinham HCV e 200 tinham outras doenças hepáticas crônicas ou autoimunes reumáticas, além de 55 pacientes co-infectados com HCV+HIV. As informações clínicas, virológicas e terapêuticas foram coletadas de bancos de dados atrelados às amostras de soro dos pacientes. Células HEp-2, 3T3 e MH22A foram cultivadas normalmente e/ou submetidas à tratamentos in vitro (tripsina e ribavirina) e com dois métodos alternativos de fixação, para estudo das estruturas do R&R por imunofluorescência indireta simples ou com técnicas de dupla-marcação com amostras R&R-positivas e anticorpos antitubulina-alfa e anti-CTP-sintase. Resultados: Dos 342 pacientes com HCV, 51 (15%) apresentaram o padrão R&R, enquanto que dos 200 pacientes com outras doenças hepáticas ou autoimunes, apenas um apresentou o padrão R&R (p<0.0001). Dos pacientes com HCV, 174 eram tratados e 168 não tratados. Dos 174 tratados, 49 (28%) apresentaram o padrão R&R contra apenas dois (1%) dos não tratados (p<0.0001). De 134 tratados e com informação adequada sobre a medicação utilizada, 108 tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina e 23 tomavam apenas interferon-α. Quarenta e um (38%) dos 103 que tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina apresentaram o padrão R&R contra nenhum (0%) dos 23 que tomavam apenas interferon-α (p= 0.0001). Quanto aos outros padrões de ANA-HEp-2, dos 23 pacientes que tomavam apenas interferon-α, 12 (52%) foram positivos enquanto apenas 27 (25%) dos que tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina foram positivos (p= 0.010). 9% dos pacientes co-infectados com HCV+HIV apresentaram o padrão R&R. Não encontramos relação entre a presença do padrão R&R e o genótipo do vírus, a carga viral e os dados demográficos dos pacientes com HCV. A porcentagem de respondedores ao tratamento foi ligeiramente menor nos pacientes que apresentaram o R&R, porem sem atingir nível de significância estatística (p=0,150). Lâminas ANA-HEp-2 de algumas marcas comerciais que não Euroimmun e INOVA e aquelas elaboradas no próprio laboratório não apresentaram as estruturas do R&R. Quando tratadas in vitro com ribavirina ou tripsina, as células HEp-2 ou 3T3 e MH22A de camundongo cultivadas expressaram vários anéis e bastões reconhecidos pelas amostras de soro R&R-positivas. Não observamos colocalização das estruturas R&R com microtúbulos e observamos fraca colocalização dos anéis e bastões com CTP-sintase. Conclusões: Autoanticorpos associados ao padrão R&R ocorreram em íntima associação ao uso de interferon-α e ribavirina em pacientes com hepatite HCV, independentemente de serem portadores do HIV. Não houve associação às características demográficas dos pacientes, ao perfil de resposta terapêutica, ao genótipo do HCV ou à carga viral. As estruturas em anéis e bastões associadas ao padrão R&R não ocorrem nas condições normais avaliadas, podendo ser induzidas in vitro pela exposição à ribavirina ou à tripsina. Há algum grau de conservação filogenética dos autoantígenos associados ao padrão R&R. Evidências preliminares indicam a presença da enzima CTP-sintase nas estruturas em anéis e bastões reconhecidas pelos autoanticorpos humanos.
Introduction: Patients with Hepatitis C frequently produce autoantibodies. In the antinuclear antibody assay on HEp-2 cells (ANA-HEp-2) these autoantibodies generate several immunofluorescence patterns, and the nuclear fine speckled pattern is the most common. A novel ANA-HEp-2 pattern has been recently reported, characterized by the presence of rods and rings in the cytoplasm. Objectives: To study the clinical and virological features, as well as the profile of therapeutic response of patients presenting autoantibodies generating the rods and rings (R&R) ANA-HEp-2 pattern and to perform a preliminary analysis of the cellular and molecular aspects of this novel autoantigen system. Methods: Serum samples obtained from 1988 to 2008 from 597 patients were processed in the ANA-HEp-2 assay on Euroimmun or INOVA slides and classified as R&R-positive when presenting immunofluorescence as 3-10μm long rods and 2-5μm diameter rings in the cytoplasm of HEp-2 cells. Among the tested patients, 342 had HCV, 200 had other chronic liver diseases or rheumatic autoimmune diseases, and 55 had HCV and HIV. Clinical, virological, and treatment information was obtained from the clinical data bank. Human HEp-2, and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines were cultured as usual and under special stimuli (exposure to trypsin or ribavirin), and prepared with alternative fixation protocols for processing in single or double indirect immunofluorescence with human anti-R&R serum and antibodies to tubulin and to CTP-synthase. Results: Among the 342 HCV patients, 51 (15%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only one among the 200 patients with other liver diseases and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (p<0.001). Among the HCV patients, 174 had been treated and 168 had received no treatment. Among the 174 treated patients, 49 (28%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only two (1%) of the 168 non-treated HCV patients (p<0.001). Among 134 HCV treated patients with detailed information on the treatment protocol, 108 used interferon-α and ribavirin and 23 used only interferon-α. Forty-one (38%) of the R&R pattern as opposed to none of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α (p=0.0001). In contrast, 12 (52%) of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α presented other non-R&R ANA-HEp-2 patterns as opposed to only 27 (25%) of the 108 patients under interferon-α and ribavirin (p=0.01). 9% of the patients with HCV and HIV presented the R&R pattern. There was no association between the occurrence of the R&R pattern and HCV genotype, viral load, and demographic features. The frequency of sustained virologic response was slightly lower in the R&R-positive patients but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.15). ANA-HEp-2 slides from brands other than Euroimmun and INOVA, as well as in-house produced slides did not express the R&R structures. When treated in vitro with ribavirin or trypsin, HEp-2 cells and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines expressed prominent R&R structures recognized by human HCV serum samples. There was partial weak colocalization of CTP-synthase in the R&R structures but no colocalizadion of microtubule. Conclusions: autoantibodies associated with the R&R pattern were strongly associated with the use of interferon-α and ribavirin in patients with HCV, independently of co-infection with HIV. There was no association with demographic characteristics, the profile of therapeutic response, HCV genotype, and viral load. The rods and rings structures associated with the R&R pattern did not occur under normal conditions, but could be induced in vitro by exposure to ribavirin or trypsin. There is some degree of phylogenetic conservation of the autoantigens associated to the R&R pattern. Preliminary evidence indicates the presence of CTP-synthase in the cytoplasmic rods and rings structures recognized by human autoantibodies from HCV patients.
Introduction: Patients with Hepatitis C frequently produce autoantibodies. In the antinuclear antibody assay on HEp-2 cells (ANA-HEp-2) these autoantibodies generate several immunofluorescence patterns, and the nuclear fine speckled pattern is the most common. A novel ANA-HEp-2 pattern has been recently reported, characterized by the presence of rods and rings in the cytoplasm. Objectives: To study the clinical and virological features, as well as the profile of therapeutic response of patients presenting autoantibodies generating the rods and rings (R&R) ANA-HEp-2 pattern and to perform a preliminary analysis of the cellular and molecular aspects of this novel autoantigen system. Methods: Serum samples obtained from 1988 to 2008 from 597 patients were processed in the ANA-HEp-2 assay on Euroimmun or INOVA slides and classified as R&R-positive when presenting immunofluorescence as 3-10μm long rods and 2-5μm diameter rings in the cytoplasm of HEp-2 cells. Among the tested patients, 342 had HCV, 200 had other chronic liver diseases or rheumatic autoimmune diseases, and 55 had HCV and HIV. Clinical, virological, and treatment information was obtained from the clinical data bank. Human HEp-2, and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines were cultured as usual and under special stimuli (exposure to trypsin or ribavirin), and prepared with alternative fixation protocols for processing in single or double indirect immunofluorescence with human anti-R&R serum and antibodies to tubulin and to CTP-synthase. Results: Among the 342 HCV patients, 51 (15%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only one among the 200 patients with other liver diseases and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (p<0.001). Among the HCV patients, 174 had been treated and 168 had received no treatment. Among the 174 treated patients, 49 (28%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only two (1%) of the 168 non-treated HCV patients (p<0.001). Among 134 HCV treated patients with detailed information on the treatment protocol, 108 used interferon-α and ribavirin and 23 used only interferon-α. Forty-one (38%) of the R&R pattern as opposed to none of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α (p=0.0001). In contrast, 12 (52%) of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α presented other non-R&R ANA-HEp-2 patterns as opposed to only 27 (25%) of the 108 patients under interferon-α and ribavirin (p=0.01). 9% of the patients with HCV and HIV presented the R&R pattern. There was no association between the occurrence of the R&R pattern and HCV genotype, viral load, and demographic features. The frequency of sustained virologic response was slightly lower in the R&R-positive patients but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.15). ANA-HEp-2 slides from brands other than Euroimmun and INOVA, as well as in-house produced slides did not express the R&R structures. When treated in vitro with ribavirin or trypsin, HEp-2 cells and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines expressed prominent R&R structures recognized by human HCV serum samples. There was partial weak colocalization of CTP-synthase in the R&R structures but no colocalizadion of microtubule. Conclusions: autoantibodies associated with the R&R pattern were strongly associated with the use of interferon-α and ribavirin in patients with HCV, independently of co-infection with HIV. There was no association with demographic characteristics, the profile of therapeutic response, HCV genotype, and viral load. The rods and rings structures associated with the R&R pattern did not occur under normal conditions, but could be induced in vitro by exposure to ribavirin or trypsin. There is some degree of phylogenetic conservation of the autoantigens associated to the R&R pattern. Preliminary evidence indicates the presence of CTP-synthase in the cytoplasmic rods and rings structures recognized by human autoantibodies from HCV patients.
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Citação
KEPPEKE, Gerson Dierley. Caracterização de autoanticorpos associados ao padrão de imunofluorescência “Rods & Rings” em pacientes infectados com o vírus da Hepatite C. 2011. 90 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2011.