Efeitos de um estímulo aversivo na ativação do córtex insular e em comportamentos de avaliação de risco após exposição ao álcool
Arquivos
Data
2023-07-14
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O uso de álcool prejudica a percepção de estímulos aversivos. Isso pode estar
relacionado ao seu efeito em uma região específica do cérebro chamada córtex
insular. No entanto, esse processo ainda não é bem compreendido. Este estudo
investigou como um estímulo aversivo é processado pelo córtex insular e como
isso afeta comportamentos de avaliação de risco em animais expostos ao álcool.
Camundongos C57BL/6 machos (n = 96) passaram por um protocolo de Beber
Intermitente Noturno (IOD, do inglês Intermittent Overnight Drinking), no qual
tiveram acesso a duas garrafas com água e/ou etanol 10%, por 12 noites
alternadas em gaiolas com licômetros. Os animais foram alocados em três
grupos experimentais: 1) grupo controle - acesso apenas a água todas as noites;
2) grupo agudo - acesso apenas a água nas primeiras 11 noites e acesso a etanol
10% e água na última noite; e 3) grupo crônico - acesso a etanol 10% e água
todas as noites. Após as 12 sessões noturnas de IOD, dois experimentos foram
realizados. No experimento 1 (n = 48), 72- 96 horas após a última noite de
consumo, metade de cada grupo experimental recebeu injeção i.p. de 150 mg/kg
de cloreto de lítio (LiCl, um forte estímulo aversivo nauseante), e a outra metade
recebeu solução salina, 90 minutos antes dos cérebros serem coletados para
imunomarcação da proteína c-Fos. No experimento 2, 48 horas após a última
noite de consumo, outros três grupos de camundongos (n = 48) foram
submetidos a testes comportamentais que ocorreram com intervalo de 48 horas
entre eles: Labirinto em cruz elevado, Campo aberto e Caixa Claro-Escuro.
Imediatamente antes de cada teste, metade dos animais de cada grupo
experimental recebeu uma injeção i.p. de 150 mg/kg de LiCl, e a outra metade
recebeu solução salina. Em animais expostos cronicamente ao álcool, a
administração de LiCl induziu uma forte ativação dos neurônios da ínsula,
especialmente na sub-região anterior do córtex insular (aIC) do hemisfério
direito. Nos testes comportamentais, o consumo agudo de álcool aumentou a
locomoção e reduziu os níveis de avaliação de risco em ambientes aversivos
(por luminosidade) no teste da Caixa Claro-Escuro, mas não nos demais testes.
Esses resultados indicam que o consumo crônico de álcool prejudica o
processamento de estímulos negativos pela ínsula anterior direita. No entanto, a
hiperestimulação da ínsula após o estímulo aversivo nauseante não foi
relacionada a alterações de comportamentos de ansiedade e avaliação de risco.
Alcohol use impairs the perception of aversive stimuli. This impairment could be related to its effect on a specific brain region called the insular cortex. However, this process is still not well understood. This study investigated how the insular cortex processes an aversive stimulus, including how this perception affects risk assessment behaviors of animals exposed to alcohol. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 96) underwent an Intermittent Overnight Drinking (IOD) protocol, in which they had access to two bottles of water and/or ethanol 10%, for 12 alternate nights in cages with lick-o-meters. Animals were allocated in three experimental groups: 1) access only to water every night - control group; 2) access only to water in the first 11 nights and access to ethanol 10% and water in the last night - acute group; and 3) access to ethanol 10% and water every night - chronic group. After the 12 IOD sessions, two experiments were performed. In experiment 1 (n = 48), 72-96 hours after the last night of consumption, half of each previous experimental group received i.p. of 150 mg/kg of lithium chloride (LiCl, a strong nauseating aversive stimulus), and the other half received saline solution, 90 minutes before the brains were collected for a c-Fos protein immunostaining protocol. In experiment 2, 48 hours after the last night of consumption, other three groups of mice (n = 48), were submitted to three behavioral tests with an interval of 48 hours between them: Elevated Plus Maze, Open field and Light-Dark Box. Immediately before each test, half of the animals in each experimental consumption group received an i.p. of 150 mg/kg of LiCl, and the other half received saline. LiCl administration induced a robust activation of insula neurons in animals chronically exposed to alcohol, especially in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) subregion in the right hemisphere. In behavioral tests, the acute alcohol consumption led to increased locomotion and reduced levels of risk assessment in aversive environments (by luminosity) in the Light-Dark Box test, but not in the other tests. Chronic alcohol consumption impaired the processing of negative stimuli by the right anterior insula. However, this insula hyperstimulation following the nauseating aversive stimulus has not been shown to impact anxiety behaviors and risk assessment.
Alcohol use impairs the perception of aversive stimuli. This impairment could be related to its effect on a specific brain region called the insular cortex. However, this process is still not well understood. This study investigated how the insular cortex processes an aversive stimulus, including how this perception affects risk assessment behaviors of animals exposed to alcohol. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 96) underwent an Intermittent Overnight Drinking (IOD) protocol, in which they had access to two bottles of water and/or ethanol 10%, for 12 alternate nights in cages with lick-o-meters. Animals were allocated in three experimental groups: 1) access only to water every night - control group; 2) access only to water in the first 11 nights and access to ethanol 10% and water in the last night - acute group; and 3) access to ethanol 10% and water every night - chronic group. After the 12 IOD sessions, two experiments were performed. In experiment 1 (n = 48), 72-96 hours after the last night of consumption, half of each previous experimental group received i.p. of 150 mg/kg of lithium chloride (LiCl, a strong nauseating aversive stimulus), and the other half received saline solution, 90 minutes before the brains were collected for a c-Fos protein immunostaining protocol. In experiment 2, 48 hours after the last night of consumption, other three groups of mice (n = 48), were submitted to three behavioral tests with an interval of 48 hours between them: Elevated Plus Maze, Open field and Light-Dark Box. Immediately before each test, half of the animals in each experimental consumption group received an i.p. of 150 mg/kg of LiCl, and the other half received saline. LiCl administration induced a robust activation of insula neurons in animals chronically exposed to alcohol, especially in the anterior insular cortex (aIC) subregion in the right hemisphere. In behavioral tests, the acute alcohol consumption led to increased locomotion and reduced levels of risk assessment in aversive environments (by luminosity) in the Light-Dark Box test, but not in the other tests. Chronic alcohol consumption impaired the processing of negative stimuli by the right anterior insula. However, this insula hyperstimulation following the nauseating aversive stimulus has not been shown to impact anxiety behaviors and risk assessment.
Descrição
Citação
EDUARDO, Paula Mendonça Camargo. Efeitos de um estímulo aversivo na ativação do córtex insular e em comportamentos de avaliação de risco após exposição ao álcool. 2023. 94 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicobiologia) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2023.