Avaliação do Risco de Desmatamento dos Municípios Costeiros do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Data
2022-12-15
Autores
Zwarg, José Ricardo Rossetto Martins [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A região costeira é considerada uma zona de alto valor ambiental, social e econômico. Isto porque, a
zona costeira foi historicamente colonizada antes que o restante do continente, e devido a isso, abriga
a maior parte da população do país, o que inclui centros urbanos, zonas rurais, comunidades
tradicionais, terras indígenas e terras quilombolas. Em adição, a zona costeira abriga em seus diferentes
ambientes, uma rica biodiversidade, formada por espécies endêmicas e extinção. Sendo que, devido a
sua interface com o oceano e atmosfera, tal região encontra-se mais suscetível as mudanças climáticas,
como inundações, tempestades, ciclones, fenômenos de acidificação, elevação do nível do mar, entre
outros fenômenos causados pelo aumento dos Gases de Efeito Estufa na atmosfera. Uma das principais
causas de aumento nas concentrações destes gases é o desmatamento da cobertura florestal. A floresta
guarda biomassa dentro seus troncos, galhos e raízes, e durante a supressão da vegetação este carbono
é novamente emitido para a atmosfera, ao mesmo tempo que desencadeia outros efeitos negativos,
como por exemplo a compactação do solo, o assoreamento de rios e nascentes, entre outros.
Recentemente, uma alternativa para evitar tais emissões relacionadas ao desmatamento e degradação
florestal vêm ganhando força dentro do contexto do Acordo de Paris e do mercado de carbono
internacional. Estima-se que o mercado ligado a projetos de conservação pode chegar a 30 bilhões de
dólares até 2030. Todavia, tais projetos dependem de modelos complexos de previsão de
desmatamento, e dados de alta resolução para a estimar o potencial de redução de Gases de Efeito
Estufa, e com isso traçar planos de mitigação. Considerando isso, o presente projeto possui como
objetivo identificar áreas com alto potencial de risco de desmatamento entre os municípios defrontantes
com o mar do estado de São Paulo, o qual é dividido entre os litorais Norte e Sul, e Baixada Santista.
Espera-que com isso identificar áreas ainda preservadas de vegetação nativa, mas onde a pressão
antrópica é alta, e que ações diretas de intervenção poderiam evitar a perda de cobertura vegetal. Além
disso, também pretende-se discutir potenciais ações de intervenção com base em políticas públicas
existentes, tais como o repasse do ICMS Ecológico e Compensação de Reserva Legal, bem como avaliar
oportunidades dentro do contexto do Mercado de Carbono Voluntário e de Soluções Baseadas na
Natureza, considerando que muitos dos ecossistemas presentes na zona costeira acumulam grandes
estoques de carbono, tais como as florestas nativas e manguezais.
The coastal region is considered a zone of high environmental, social and economic value. This is because the coastal zone was historically colonized before the rest of the continent, and because of this, it is home to most of the country's population, which includes urban centers, rural areas, traditional communities, indigenous lands and quilombola lands. In addition, the coastal zone harbors, in its different environments, a rich biodiversity, formed by endemic and endangered species. Since, due to its interface with the ocean and atmosphere, this region is more susceptible to climate changes, such as floods, storms, cyclones, acidification phenomena, sea level rise, among other phenomena caused by the increase in greenhouse gases. Greenhouse Effect in the atmosphere. One of the main causes of the increase in the concentrations of these gases is the deforestation of the forest cover. The forest keeps biomass within its trunks, branches and roots, and during the suppression of vegetation this carbon is again emitted into the atmosphere, at the same time that triggers other negative effects, such as soil compaction, silting up of rivers and springs, between others. Recently, an alternative to avoid such emissions related to deforestation and forest degradation has been gaining strength within the context of the Paris Agreement and the international carbon market. It is estimated that the market linked to conservation projects could reach 30 billion dollars by 2030. However, such projects depend on complex deforestation forecast models, and high-resolution data to estimate the potential for reducing Greenhouse Gases, and thus draw up mitigation plans. Considering this, the present project aims to identify areas with a high potential risk of deforestation among the municipalities facing the sea in the state of São Paulo, which is divided between the North and South coasts, and Baixada Santista. It is hoped that this will identify areas that are still preserved with native vegetation, but where anthropic pressure is high, and that direct intervention actions could prevent the loss of vegetation cover. In addition, it is also intended to discuss potential intervention actions based on existing public policies, such as the transfer of the Ecological ICMS and Legal Reserve Compensation, as well as to evaluate opportunities within the context of the Voluntary Carbon Market and Nature-Based Solutions , considering that many of the ecosystems present in the coastal zone accumulate large stocks of carbon, such as native forests and mangroves.
The coastal region is considered a zone of high environmental, social and economic value. This is because the coastal zone was historically colonized before the rest of the continent, and because of this, it is home to most of the country's population, which includes urban centers, rural areas, traditional communities, indigenous lands and quilombola lands. In addition, the coastal zone harbors, in its different environments, a rich biodiversity, formed by endemic and endangered species. Since, due to its interface with the ocean and atmosphere, this region is more susceptible to climate changes, such as floods, storms, cyclones, acidification phenomena, sea level rise, among other phenomena caused by the increase in greenhouse gases. Greenhouse Effect in the atmosphere. One of the main causes of the increase in the concentrations of these gases is the deforestation of the forest cover. The forest keeps biomass within its trunks, branches and roots, and during the suppression of vegetation this carbon is again emitted into the atmosphere, at the same time that triggers other negative effects, such as soil compaction, silting up of rivers and springs, between others. Recently, an alternative to avoid such emissions related to deforestation and forest degradation has been gaining strength within the context of the Paris Agreement and the international carbon market. It is estimated that the market linked to conservation projects could reach 30 billion dollars by 2030. However, such projects depend on complex deforestation forecast models, and high-resolution data to estimate the potential for reducing Greenhouse Gases, and thus draw up mitigation plans. Considering this, the present project aims to identify areas with a high potential risk of deforestation among the municipalities facing the sea in the state of São Paulo, which is divided between the North and South coasts, and Baixada Santista. It is hoped that this will identify areas that are still preserved with native vegetation, but where anthropic pressure is high, and that direct intervention actions could prevent the loss of vegetation cover. In addition, it is also intended to discuss potential intervention actions based on existing public policies, such as the transfer of the Ecological ICMS and Legal Reserve Compensation, as well as to evaluate opportunities within the context of the Voluntary Carbon Market and Nature-Based Solutions , considering that many of the ecosystems present in the coastal zone accumulate large stocks of carbon, such as native forests and mangroves.
Descrição
Citação
ZWARG, José Ricardo Rossetto Martins. Avaliação do Risco de Desmatamento dos Municípios Costeiros do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 2023. 48 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.