A experiência de crianças autistas com a musicoterapia: Revisão de escopo e uma proposta de intervenção e estudo fenomenológico
Data
2022-08-26
Autores
Dias, Nelizabete Alves da Silva [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Cipullo, Marcos Alberto Taddeo [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A experiência de crianças autistas com a musicoterapia é composta por dois estudos: o primeiro é uma revisão de escopo da literatura científica sobre a eficácia da musicoterapia em crianças autistas, que foi realizada com o objetivo de responder à pergunta: “O que os estudos publicados a partir de 2014 trazem sobre o efeito da musicoterapia em crianças autistas?”, além de sumarizar e divulgar os dados da investigação e identificar lacunas existentes. O método utilizado nessa revisão seguiu os parâmetros de qualidade do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews – PRISMA-ScR (2018). Para a recuperação dos artigos publicados entre 2014 e fevereiro de 2021, foram elaboradas estratégias de busca em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais em ciências da saúde: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Psycinfo, Scopus e Lilacs. Foram lidos e analisados 50 artigos na íntegra, e 16 foram selecionados por sua elegibilidade. Embora a maioria dos trabalhos trouxessem uma amostra pequena, os resultados mostraram os efeitos positivos da musicoterapia para a comunicação e interação social das crianças autistas. Alguns trabalhos investiram em acompanhamentos de longo prazo para demonstrar que os benefícios da musicoterapia são estáveis e duradouros, mas é importante que mais trabalhos investiguem a duração das melhoras alcançadas. Essa revisão também observou a falta da figura paterna no processo musicoterapêutico, um ponto para ser analisado em futuras pesquisas. O segundo estudo é uma intervenção musicoterapêutica realizada com três crianças autistas com idade entre 3 e 5 anos. Foram realizadas 16 sessões de musicoterapia, de forma individual, utilizando a abordagem musicocentrada de musicoterapia improvisacional, que possibilita uma forma de interagir por meio da improvisação musical e é centrada na música do paciente. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar e compreender de que modo a criança autista recebe e vivencia a musicoterapia durante as sessões e no seu dia a dia, bem como descrever e analisar o processo, permitindo que as crianças tragam à luz, por meio de seus corpos, das suas ações e manifestações observadas pelas mães e por mim, o sentido do que vivenciaram e perceberam. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou como procedimento metodológico a fenomenologia, cuja principal tarefa é elucidar e descrever as vivências do sujeito em determinada situação existencial. Foi utilizado o diário de campo para descrever as sessões e as falas das mães, com reflexões e notas descritivas e intensivas. Com base nessas descrições, foi construída a análise psicológica individual de cada criança, resultando na história de cada uma delas. As histórias foram lidas muitas vezes, comparadas e se sobressaíram as unidades de significado que levaram à análise psicológica geral da experiência, que evidenciou os resultados: melhoras na comunicação e interação social e musical tanto nas sessões quanto em casa, apontando que a musicoterapia significa um espaço e um momento de alegria e liberdade de expressão para as crianças atendidas. Este trabalho pode contribuir ao apresentar a musicoterapia como mais uma forma de se aproximar das crianças autistas, possibilitando-lhes outras maneiras de se expressarem e de se relacionarem, respeitando o jeito de ser de cada uma delas.
The experience of autistic children with music therapy consists of two studies: the first is a scope review of scientific literature on the efficacy of music therapy in autistic children, which was carried out with the aim of answering the question: "What do the studies published since 2014 bring about the effect of music therapy on autistic children?", What do the studies published from 2014 bring about the effect of music therapy on autistic children?”, in addition to summarizing and disseminating research data. The method used in this review followed the quality parameters of preferred reporting items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews – PRISMA-ScR (2018). For the recovery of articles published between 2014 and February 2021, search strategies were developed in national and international databases in health sciences: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Psycinfo, Scopus and Lilacs. Fifty articles were read in full and analyzed, and 16 were selected for their eligibility. Although most of the studies brought a small sample, the results showed the positive effects of music therapy for the communication and social interaction of autistic children. Some studies have invested in long-term accompaniments to demonstrate that the benefits of music therapy are stable and long-lasting, but it is important that more studies investigate the duration of improvements achieved. This review observed the lack of the father figure in the music therapeutic process, a point to be analyzed in future research. The second study is a music therapy intervention performed with three autistic children aged between 3 and 5 years. Six sessions of music therapy were performed individually, using the music-centered approach of improvisational music therapy, which enables a way to interact through musical improvisation and is centered on the patient's music. The aim of this study was to analyze and understand how autistic children react to music therapy during sessions and in their daily lives, as well as to describe and analyze the process, allowing children to bring to light, through their body, their actions and manifestations observed by mothers and by me, the meaning of what they experienced and perceived. It is qualitative research, which used phenomenology as a methodological procedure, whose main task is to elucidate and describe the experiences of the subject in a given existential situation. The field diary was used to describe the sessions and speeches of the mothers, with descriptive and intensive reflections and notes. On top of these descriptions, the individual psychological analysis of each child was constructed, resulting in the history of each of them. The stories were read many times, compared and the units of meaning that led to the general psychological analysis of the experience, which evidenced the results: improvements in communication and social and musical interaction both in the sessions and at home, pointing out that music therapy means a space and a moment of joy and freedom of expression for the children attended. This study can contribute by presenting music therapy as another way to get closer to autistic children, enabling them to express themselves and relate and respecting the way of being of each one of them.
The experience of autistic children with music therapy consists of two studies: the first is a scope review of scientific literature on the efficacy of music therapy in autistic children, which was carried out with the aim of answering the question: "What do the studies published since 2014 bring about the effect of music therapy on autistic children?", What do the studies published from 2014 bring about the effect of music therapy on autistic children?”, in addition to summarizing and disseminating research data. The method used in this review followed the quality parameters of preferred reporting items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews – PRISMA-ScR (2018). For the recovery of articles published between 2014 and February 2021, search strategies were developed in national and international databases in health sciences: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Psycinfo, Scopus and Lilacs. Fifty articles were read in full and analyzed, and 16 were selected for their eligibility. Although most of the studies brought a small sample, the results showed the positive effects of music therapy for the communication and social interaction of autistic children. Some studies have invested in long-term accompaniments to demonstrate that the benefits of music therapy are stable and long-lasting, but it is important that more studies investigate the duration of improvements achieved. This review observed the lack of the father figure in the music therapeutic process, a point to be analyzed in future research. The second study is a music therapy intervention performed with three autistic children aged between 3 and 5 years. Six sessions of music therapy were performed individually, using the music-centered approach of improvisational music therapy, which enables a way to interact through musical improvisation and is centered on the patient's music. The aim of this study was to analyze and understand how autistic children react to music therapy during sessions and in their daily lives, as well as to describe and analyze the process, allowing children to bring to light, through their body, their actions and manifestations observed by mothers and by me, the meaning of what they experienced and perceived. It is qualitative research, which used phenomenology as a methodological procedure, whose main task is to elucidate and describe the experiences of the subject in a given existential situation. The field diary was used to describe the sessions and speeches of the mothers, with descriptive and intensive reflections and notes. On top of these descriptions, the individual psychological analysis of each child was constructed, resulting in the history of each of them. The stories were read many times, compared and the units of meaning that led to the general psychological analysis of the experience, which evidenced the results: improvements in communication and social and musical interaction both in the sessions and at home, pointing out that music therapy means a space and a moment of joy and freedom of expression for the children attended. This study can contribute by presenting music therapy as another way to get closer to autistic children, enabling them to express themselves and relate and respecting the way of being of each one of them.
Descrição
Citação
DIAS, Nelizabete Alves da Silva. A experiência de crianças autistas com a musicoterapia: Revisão de escopo e uma proposta de intervenção e estudo fenomenológico. 2022. 222 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2022.