Percepção da comunidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista - em relação ao descarte incorreto de lixo eletrônico
Data
2022-09-30
Autores
Francesco, Daniel dos Santos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Silva, Regina Cláudia Barbosa da [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O lixo eletrônico, ou e-lixo, é um tipo de resíduo sólido que tem crescido nas últimas décadas por conta dos avanços tecnológicos e hábitos de consumo das populações, principalmente, de áreas urbanas. A destinação incorreta do e-lixo pode introduzir metais altamente contaminantes no meio ambiente, causando riscos à saúde humana e prejudicando os ecossistemas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção da comunidade acadêmica do Campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, com relação ao descarte incorreto do e-lixo, bem como o conhecimento sobre os danos causados por essas práticas, em função de fatores socioeconômicos: escolaridade, renda, categoria ocupacional e idade. Foi utilizado um questionário composto por 20 perguntas, distribuídas em 4 sessões, onde foram abordadas perguntas relacionadas ao perfil socioeconômico dos participantes, domínio em relação às tecnologias de uso diário, consumo consciente e hábitos de descarte e, por fim, o nível de conscientização em relação ao descarte incorreto do lixo eletrônico. A amostra foi constituída de forma a abranger todas as categorias ocupacionais do campus, e contou com 437 participantes. Participaram deste estudo: docentes e discentes de ambos os institutos, Instituto Saúde e Sociedade (ISS) e Instituto do Mar (IMAR), dos cursos de graduação, pós-graduação stricto senso e cursos de extensão, assim como técnicos administrativos e trabalhadores terceirizados. Adicionalmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de identificar os impactos ambientais causados pela destinação incorreta do e-lixo, e os possíveis riscos à saúde humana. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria da amostra desconhece o procedimento para o descarte correto do e-lixo. Em relação aos fatores que podem dificultar este descarte verificou-se que quanto maior a escolaridade, categoria ocupacional e renda familiar, melhores são os hábitos de descarte. Há uma resistência quando ao descarte possivelmente relacionada aos valores investidos nos equipamentos, somada ao desconhecimento dos pontos de entrega. Em relação aos problemas causados pelo descarte do e-lixo, verificou-se que quanto maior a escolaridade, e menor a idade e renda, melhores são as percepções. Foi observado que participantes com rendas inferiores demonstraram maior percepção nos impactos ambientais mais específicos, possivelmente pelo fato da pesquisa ter sido realizada em uma comunidade acadêmica, com cursos relacionados às áreas ambientais e da saúde, e a maioria da amostra ser composta por estudantes. Observou-se que quanto maior a escolaridade, e menor a idade, melhores foram as percepções quanto aos responsáveis pelos danos causados pelo descarte incorreto do e-lixo. Os resultados indicam falta de conhecimento das obrigações dos participantes do SLR´s. A escolaridade Pós-graduação ou acima atribuiu maior responsabilidade aos fabricantes, aos vendedores e a nós mesmos, possivelmente, indicando que esta escolaridade tem maior conhecimento das leis ambientais ou mesmo das leis referentes ao e-lixo. Os docentes do IMar atribuíram maior responsabilidade aos fabricantes, possivelmente por conta de o Instituto do Mar estar ligado às áreas de estudo do meio ambiente. Em relação aos benefícios do descarte correto do e-lixo, foi possível observar que a escolaridade Pós-graduação ou acima possui as melhores percepções, porém, a escolaridade ensino médio completo demonstra uma percepção melhor do que a escolaridade Superior completo. Este fato pode estar relacionado às formações mais recentes, a influência da EA e a divulgação de recentes impactos ambientais e dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social. A análise em relação à idade indica o mesmo. Foi observado que trabalhadores terceirizados, demonstraram boa percepção em relação ao item geração de emprego, possivelmente por terem contato com pessoas envolvidas nos processos de reciclagem, como sustento ou complemento de renda. Concluindo, verificou-se diferentes percepções dos benefícios que podem ser obtidos com o descarte correto, assim como dos impactos ambientais decorrentes do descarte incorreto e possíveis responsáveis pela destinação incorreta do e-lixo. Fatores socioeconômicos, como escolaridade, categoria ocupacional e idade estão relacionados, confirmando a hipótese inicial deste estudo. Acreditamos que estes resultados poderão contribuir para a conscientização da comunidade acadêmica, e por se tratar de futuros profissionais da saúde, fortalecer a corresponsabilidade na fiscalização e no combate dos agentes de degradação ambiental.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a type of solid waste that has grown in recent decades due to technological advances and consumption habits of populations, mainly in urban areas. Incorrect disposal of e-waste can introduce highly contaminating metals into the environment, causing risks to human health and harming ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the academic community of the Baixada Santista Campus of the Federal University of São Paulo - Unifesp, regarding the incorrect disposal of e-waste, as well as the knowledge about the damage caused by these practices, depending on factors socioeconomic factors: education, income, occupational category and age. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used, distributed in 4 sessions, where questions related to the socioeconomic profile of the participants, mastery in relation to daily use technologies, conscious consumption and disposal habits and, finally, the level of awareness in regarding the incorrect disposal of electronic waste. The sample was constituted in order to cover all occupational categories on the campus, and had 437 participants. Participated in this study: professors and students from both institutes, Instituto Saúde e Sociedade (ISS) and Instituto do Mar (IMAR), from undergraduate courses, stricto sensu graduate courses and extension courses, as well as administrative technicians and outsourced workers. Additionally, a literature review was carried out in order to identify the environmental impacts caused by the incorrect destination of e-waste, and the possible risks to human health. The results indicated that most of the sample is unaware of the procedure for the correct disposal of e-waste. Regarding the factors that can make this disposal difficult, it was found that the higher the education, occupational category and family income, the better the disposal habits. There is resistance when it comes to disposal, possibly related to the amounts invested in the equipment, in addition to the lack of knowledge of the delivery points. Regarding the problems caused by the disposal of e-waste, it was found that the higher the education level, and the lower the age and income, the better the perceptions. It was observed that participants with lower incomes showed greater awareness of more specific environmental impacts, possibly because the research was carried out in an academic community, with courses related to environmental and health areas, and the majority of the sample was composed of students. It was observed that the higher the level of education and the lower the age, the better the perceptions regarding those responsible for the damage caused by the incorrect disposal of e-waste. The results indicate a lack of knowledge of the obligations of the SLR's participants. Graduate schooling or above attributed greater responsibility to manufacturers, sellers and ourselves, possibly indicating that this schooling has greater knowledge of environmental laws or even laws referring to e-waste. The professors at IMar attributed greater responsibility to the manufacturers, possibly because the Instituto do Mar is linked to the study areas of the environment. Regarding the benefits of correctly disposing of e-waste, it was possible to observe that postgraduate education or above has the best perceptions, however, complete high school education demonstrates a better perception than complete higher education. This fact may be related to more recent training, the influence of EA and the dissemination of recent environmental impacts and the concepts of sustainability and social responsibility. The analysis in relation to age indicates the same. It was observed that outsourced workers showed good perception in relation to the item generation of employment, possibly because they have contact with people involved in the recycling processes, as sustenance or income supplement. In conclusion, there were different perceptions of the benefits that can be obtained with the correct disposal, as well as the environmental impacts resulting from the incorrect disposal and possible responsible for the incorrect destination of e-waste. Socioeconomic factors such as education, occupational category and age are related, confirming the initial hypothesis of this study. We believe that these results can contribute to the awareness of the academic community, and because they are future health professionals, strengthen co-responsibility in monitoring and combating agents of environmental degradation.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a type of solid waste that has grown in recent decades due to technological advances and consumption habits of populations, mainly in urban areas. Incorrect disposal of e-waste can introduce highly contaminating metals into the environment, causing risks to human health and harming ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the academic community of the Baixada Santista Campus of the Federal University of São Paulo - Unifesp, regarding the incorrect disposal of e-waste, as well as the knowledge about the damage caused by these practices, depending on factors socioeconomic factors: education, income, occupational category and age. A questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used, distributed in 4 sessions, where questions related to the socioeconomic profile of the participants, mastery in relation to daily use technologies, conscious consumption and disposal habits and, finally, the level of awareness in regarding the incorrect disposal of electronic waste. The sample was constituted in order to cover all occupational categories on the campus, and had 437 participants. Participated in this study: professors and students from both institutes, Instituto Saúde e Sociedade (ISS) and Instituto do Mar (IMAR), from undergraduate courses, stricto sensu graduate courses and extension courses, as well as administrative technicians and outsourced workers. Additionally, a literature review was carried out in order to identify the environmental impacts caused by the incorrect destination of e-waste, and the possible risks to human health. The results indicated that most of the sample is unaware of the procedure for the correct disposal of e-waste. Regarding the factors that can make this disposal difficult, it was found that the higher the education, occupational category and family income, the better the disposal habits. There is resistance when it comes to disposal, possibly related to the amounts invested in the equipment, in addition to the lack of knowledge of the delivery points. Regarding the problems caused by the disposal of e-waste, it was found that the higher the education level, and the lower the age and income, the better the perceptions. It was observed that participants with lower incomes showed greater awareness of more specific environmental impacts, possibly because the research was carried out in an academic community, with courses related to environmental and health areas, and the majority of the sample was composed of students. It was observed that the higher the level of education and the lower the age, the better the perceptions regarding those responsible for the damage caused by the incorrect disposal of e-waste. The results indicate a lack of knowledge of the obligations of the SLR's participants. Graduate schooling or above attributed greater responsibility to manufacturers, sellers and ourselves, possibly indicating that this schooling has greater knowledge of environmental laws or even laws referring to e-waste. The professors at IMar attributed greater responsibility to the manufacturers, possibly because the Instituto do Mar is linked to the study areas of the environment. Regarding the benefits of correctly disposing of e-waste, it was possible to observe that postgraduate education or above has the best perceptions, however, complete high school education demonstrates a better perception than complete higher education. This fact may be related to more recent training, the influence of EA and the dissemination of recent environmental impacts and the concepts of sustainability and social responsibility. The analysis in relation to age indicates the same. It was observed that outsourced workers showed good perception in relation to the item generation of employment, possibly because they have contact with people involved in the recycling processes, as sustenance or income supplement. In conclusion, there were different perceptions of the benefits that can be obtained with the correct disposal, as well as the environmental impacts resulting from the incorrect disposal and possible responsible for the incorrect destination of e-waste. Socioeconomic factors such as education, occupational category and age are related, confirming the initial hypothesis of this study. We believe that these results can contribute to the awareness of the academic community, and because they are future health professionals, strengthen co-responsibility in monitoring and combating agents of environmental degradation.
Descrição
Citação
FRANCESCO, Daniel dos Santos. Percepção da comunidade acadêmica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Campus Baixada Santista - em relação ao descarte incorreto de lixo eletrônico. 2022. 137 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.