Abordagens modernas para extração de alcaloides a partir de espécies vegetais: uma revisão
Data
2022-06-23
Autores
Tavares, Gabriela Santos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Veiga, Thiago André Moura [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Relatos na literatura evidenciam a importância e a variedade de metabólitos secundários extraídos a partir de plantas, dentre os quais, os alcaloides representam um grupo de substâncias de grande relevância para a descoberta e desenvolvimento de fármacos. Os alcaloides são substâncias nitrogenadas de caráter alcalino, que apresentam grande diversidade estrutural, conhecidos por seus diversos efeitos farmacológicos, incluindo sobre o sistema nervoso central. Devido às importantes propriedades biológicas associadas à essa classe de compostos, a técnica de extração torna-se um fator determinante para a obtenção de alcaloides de forma mais acelerada e com maior rendimento. O presente trabalho objetiva compilar e avaliar publicações relacionadas à extração específica de alcaloides através de metodologias consideradas modernas e sustentáveis, seguindo os preceitos da química verde, entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, sendo selecionados 60 artigos. A seleção das metodologias propostas neste projeto se deu com base em tendências recentes para extração dessa classe de produtos naturais, sendo elas: extração assistida por ultrassom (EAU), por micro-ondas (EAM), por fluido supercrítico (EFS), líquidos iônicos (LI) e solventes eutéticos profundos (SEP). Com a revisão desses dados, foi possível avaliar os benefícios e desafios de cada método, catalogar suas aplicações, além de elencar projeções para o futuro, de modo a contribuir para planejamentos experimentais que sejam eficientes e sustentáveis.
Reports in the literature show the importance and variety of secondary metabolites extracted from plants, among which, the alkaloids represent a group of substances of great relevance for the discovery and development of drugs. They are nitrogenous substances of alkaline character, which present great structural diversity, known for their diverse pharmacological effects, including on the central nervous system. Due to the important biological properties associated with this class of compounds, the extraction technique becomes a determining factor for obtaining alkaloids more quickly and with greater yield. The present work aims to compile and assess publications related to the specific extraction of alkaloids through methodologies considered modern and sustainable, following the precepts of green chemistry, between the years 2017 to 2021, with 60 articles selected. The selection of the methodologies proposed in this project was based on recent trends for extraction of this class of natural products, namely: ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), microwave (MAE), supercritical fluid (SFE), ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). With the review of these data, it was possible to evaluate the benefits and challenges of each method, catalog their applications, in addition to listing projections for the future, in order to contribute to experimental designs that are efficient and sustainable.
Reports in the literature show the importance and variety of secondary metabolites extracted from plants, among which, the alkaloids represent a group of substances of great relevance for the discovery and development of drugs. They are nitrogenous substances of alkaline character, which present great structural diversity, known for their diverse pharmacological effects, including on the central nervous system. Due to the important biological properties associated with this class of compounds, the extraction technique becomes a determining factor for obtaining alkaloids more quickly and with greater yield. The present work aims to compile and assess publications related to the specific extraction of alkaloids through methodologies considered modern and sustainable, following the precepts of green chemistry, between the years 2017 to 2021, with 60 articles selected. The selection of the methodologies proposed in this project was based on recent trends for extraction of this class of natural products, namely: ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), microwave (MAE), supercritical fluid (SFE), ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). With the review of these data, it was possible to evaluate the benefits and challenges of each method, catalog their applications, in addition to listing projections for the future, in order to contribute to experimental designs that are efficient and sustainable.