Efeito de scaffolds manufaturados a partir de compostos bioativos de esponjas marinhas no reparo ósseo de ratos
Data
2022-07-20
Autores
Silva, Adriel Filipe Santos Braga [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Granito, Renata Neves [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, vem crescendo também os índices de doenças comuns do envelhecimento que, junto com o aumento dos índices de acidente de trânsito, trazem como consequência o aumento do número de fraturas ósseas. Nesse contexto, o uso de biomateriais na forma de scaffold vem sendo bastante promissor no tratamento dessas lesões. Por serem altamente biocompatíveis, os biomateriais de origem natural vêm se destacando e, por sua rica biodiversidade, o ambiente marinho vem atraindo o interesse de muitos pesquisadores para o fornecimento desse tipo de matéria prima. As esponjas marinhas, possuem estrutura porosa e componentes orgânicos e inorgânicos de forma similar ao osso, o que as tornam interessantes para o uso na engenharia de tecidos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o potencial osteogênico in vivo de scaffolds híbridos elaborados a partir de espongina, composto orgânico extraído da esponja marinha Aplysina fulva, e biosílica, material inorgânico extraído da esponja marinha Dragmacidon reticulatum. Nesse estudo foi utilizado um modelo experimental de preenchimento de defeitos ósseos cirurgicamente criados em tíbias de 30 ratos, divididos em grupo controle (defeitos não-preenchidos), grupo BsE70 (defeitos preenchidos com scaffolds de biosilica e espongina na proporção 70:30) e grupo ScE70 (defeitos preenchidos com sílica comercial e espongina também na proporção 70:30). Foi realizada análise histopatológica, histomorfométrica e biomecânica 15 dias após a cirurgia. Os resultados obtidos apontam boa integração em ambos os grupos do biomaterial ao tecido natural, com presença de células osteoblásticas e trabéculas ósseas, evidenciando preliminarmente o potencial da espongina combinada à biosilica enquanto enxertos ósseos. Além disso, os resultados histomorfométricos apontaram a presença de medula óssea fibrótica em algumas amostras dos grupos que receberam o implante, o que pode indicar uma reatividade do tecido em resposta ao biomaterial, embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos que receberam os implantes em nenhum dos parâmetros relacionados ao tecido ósseo ou às suas células. Verificou-se uma boa uma integração dos biomateriais com o tecido natural, formação de trabéculas ósseas na borda do defeito em íntimo contato com o material, além da presença de células osteoblásticas. Por fim, os scaffolds também mostraram resultados relevantes ao promover propriedades mecânicas semelhantes às do grupo controle, que continha um volume maior de tecido ósseo neoformado. Desta forma, o presente trabalho demonstrou um potencial promissor para o uso dos scaffolds híbridos marinhos na engenharia do tecido ósseo.
With the increase in life expectancy, the rates of common aging diseases have also been increasing, which, together with the increase in traffic accident rates, bring as a consequence an increase in the number of bone fractures. In this context, the use of biomaterials in the form of scaffold has been very promising in the treatment of these lesions. Because they are highly biocompatible, biomaterials of natural origin have been standing out and, due to its rich biodiversity, the marine environment has been attracting the interest of many researchers for the supply of this type of raw material. Marine sponges have a porous structure and organic and inorganic components similar to bone, which makes them interesting for use in tissue engineering. This work aims to analyze the in vivo osteogenic potential of hybrid scaffolds made from spongin, an organic compound extracted from the marine sponge Aplysina fulva, and biosilica, an inorganic material extracted from the marine sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum. In this study, an experimental model was used to fill surgically created bone defects in the tibiae of 30 rats, divided into the control group (unfilled defects), the BsE70 group (defects filled with biosilica and spongin scaffolds in a 70:30 ratio), and the ScE70 group (defects filled with commercial silica and spongin, also in a 70:30 ratio). Histopathological, histomorphometric and biomechanical analysis was performed 15 days after surgery. The results obtained indicate good integration of the biomaterial to the natural tissue in both groups, with the presence of osteoblastic cells and bone trabeculae, preliminarily evidencing the potential of spongin combined with biosilica as bone grafts. Moreover, the histomorphometric results indicated the presence of fibrotic bone marrow in some samples of the groups that received the implant, which may indicate a reactivity of the tissue in response to the biomaterial, although no statistical differences were found between the groups that received the implants in any of the parameters related to bone tissue or its cells. There was a good integration of the biomaterials with the natural tissue, formation of bone trabeculae at the edge of the defect in close contact with the material, and the presence of osteoblastic cells. Finally, scaffolds also showed relevant results by promoting mechanical properties similar to those of the control group, which contained a larger volume of newly formed bone tissue. Thus, the present work demonstrated a promising potential for the use of marine hybrid scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
With the increase in life expectancy, the rates of common aging diseases have also been increasing, which, together with the increase in traffic accident rates, bring as a consequence an increase in the number of bone fractures. In this context, the use of biomaterials in the form of scaffold has been very promising in the treatment of these lesions. Because they are highly biocompatible, biomaterials of natural origin have been standing out and, due to its rich biodiversity, the marine environment has been attracting the interest of many researchers for the supply of this type of raw material. Marine sponges have a porous structure and organic and inorganic components similar to bone, which makes them interesting for use in tissue engineering. This work aims to analyze the in vivo osteogenic potential of hybrid scaffolds made from spongin, an organic compound extracted from the marine sponge Aplysina fulva, and biosilica, an inorganic material extracted from the marine sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum. In this study, an experimental model was used to fill surgically created bone defects in the tibiae of 30 rats, divided into the control group (unfilled defects), the BsE70 group (defects filled with biosilica and spongin scaffolds in a 70:30 ratio), and the ScE70 group (defects filled with commercial silica and spongin, also in a 70:30 ratio). Histopathological, histomorphometric and biomechanical analysis was performed 15 days after surgery. The results obtained indicate good integration of the biomaterial to the natural tissue in both groups, with the presence of osteoblastic cells and bone trabeculae, preliminarily evidencing the potential of spongin combined with biosilica as bone grafts. Moreover, the histomorphometric results indicated the presence of fibrotic bone marrow in some samples of the groups that received the implant, which may indicate a reactivity of the tissue in response to the biomaterial, although no statistical differences were found between the groups that received the implants in any of the parameters related to bone tissue or its cells. There was a good integration of the biomaterials with the natural tissue, formation of bone trabeculae at the edge of the defect in close contact with the material, and the presence of osteoblastic cells. Finally, scaffolds also showed relevant results by promoting mechanical properties similar to those of the control group, which contained a larger volume of newly formed bone tissue. Thus, the present work demonstrated a promising potential for the use of marine hybrid scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
Descrição
Citação
SILVA, Adriel Filipe Santos Braga. Efeito de scaffolds manufaturados a partir de compostos bioativos de esponjas marinhas no reparo ósseo de ratos. 2022. 28 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Fisioterapia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.