O paradoxo do corpo atlético e do corpo estético do esporte: a visão de ex-atletas
Data
2022-07-15
Autores
Cuqui, Juliana Costa [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Juzwiak, Claudia Ridel [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O estabelecimento de um padrão de corpo ideal, através da propagação de discursos que valorizam um formato de corpo em detrimento do outro, possui papel estrutural no processo de construção da autoimagem, culminando na satisfação ou insatisfação corporal. Em relação ao cenário esportivo, os atravessamentos da pressão estética afetam atletas de diferentes idades e modalidades, podendo resultar na adoção de práticas alimentares pouco saudáveis. O presente estudo de natureza quanti-qualitativa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos atravessamentos da pressão estética em relação ao corpo atlético de 12 ex-atletas do sexo feminino adultas, que atuam como técnicas. Os encontros foram realizados em plataformas virtuais escolhidas pelas participantes, que responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Foi aplicada a Escala de Silhuetas para se compreender a percepção e o nível de satisfação corporal das ex-atletas e ampliar a reflexão quanto a construção da autoimagem. A análise dos dados quantitativos demonstrou que apenas quatro técnicas estão satisfeitas com seus corpos e oito revelaram insatisfação corporal em algum nível. Sete técnicas demonstraram dificuldade de autopercepção, enquanto cinco técnicas possuem boa percepção da autoimagem. Através da análise de conteúdo foi possível encontrar quatro núcleos temáticos: “Começos e recomeços”; “O corpo e o peso dos significados”; “O peso social” e “O peso do alimento''. No que se refere à padronização e idealização dos corpos, os achados confirmam a existência de um padrão de corpo imposto tanto socialmente quanto no âmbito esportivo. O alinhamento destes padrões, considerando os estereótipos sociais de feminilidade e as demandas do esporte de alto rendimento, varia de acordo com as particularidades de cada modalidade e de questões pessoais que envolveram a construção da ideia de seus corpos. No entanto, ficou evidente a priorização do corpo que estivesse associado ao melhor desempenho esportivo, ainda que o mesmo não estivesse alinhado ao padrão imposto socialmente. Desse modo, enquanto competiam, a alimentação também era relacionada à performance. O afastamento dos treinos transformou suas rotinas em diferentes níveis, impactando seus hábitos alimentares e, como consequência, a dieta deixou de ser associada ao desempenho esportivo e passou a ter outros significados, como a manutenção de um corpo considerado saudável. O presente estudo fornece subsídios para discussões acerca do tema imagem corporal, tendo em vista as demandas de esporte de alto rendimento e como mulheres atletas podem ser afetadas por estereótipos de feminilidade.
The establishment of an ideal body pattern, through the propagation of discourses that value one body shape over the other, has a structural role in the self-image building process, culminating in body satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Regarding the sports scenario, the impact of aesthetic pressure affects athletes of different ages and sports disciplines, considering the need for social acceptance, as well as the pressure of sports performance, which may result in the adoption of unhealthy eating practices. This quantitative-qualitative study aimed to evaluate the impact of aesthetic pressure on the athletic body of 12 adult female ex-athletes, who act as technicians. The meetings were held on virtual platforms chosen by the participants, who responded to a semi-structured interview. The Silhouette Scale was applied to understand the perception and level of body satisfaction of former athletes and expand reflection on the construction of self-image. The analysis of quantitative data showed that only four techniques are satisfied with their bodies and eight revealed body dissatisfaction at some level. Seven techniques showed difficulty in self-perception, while five techniques have good self-image perception. Through content analysis it was possible to find four thematic nuclei: “Beginnings and restarts”; “The body and the weight of meanings”; “The social weight” and “The weight of food''. Regarding the standardization and idealization of bodies, the findings confirm the existence of a body standard imposed both socially and by the sports environment. The alignment of these standards, considering the social stereotypes of femininity and the demands of high-performance sports, varies according to the particularities of each sport discipline and personal issues involved the construction of the idea of their bodies. However, it was evident the prioritization of the body that was associated with the best sports performance, even if it was not aligned with the socially imposed standard. Thus, while competing, eating was also related to performance. The withdrawal from training transformed their routines at different levels, impacting their eating habits and, therefore, their diets were no longer associated with sports performance and started to have other meanings, such as the maintenance of a body considered healthy. The present study provides insights for discussions on the topic of body image, considering the demands of high-performance sports and how female athletes can be affected by stereotypes of femininity.
The establishment of an ideal body pattern, through the propagation of discourses that value one body shape over the other, has a structural role in the self-image building process, culminating in body satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Regarding the sports scenario, the impact of aesthetic pressure affects athletes of different ages and sports disciplines, considering the need for social acceptance, as well as the pressure of sports performance, which may result in the adoption of unhealthy eating practices. This quantitative-qualitative study aimed to evaluate the impact of aesthetic pressure on the athletic body of 12 adult female ex-athletes, who act as technicians. The meetings were held on virtual platforms chosen by the participants, who responded to a semi-structured interview. The Silhouette Scale was applied to understand the perception and level of body satisfaction of former athletes and expand reflection on the construction of self-image. The analysis of quantitative data showed that only four techniques are satisfied with their bodies and eight revealed body dissatisfaction at some level. Seven techniques showed difficulty in self-perception, while five techniques have good self-image perception. Through content analysis it was possible to find four thematic nuclei: “Beginnings and restarts”; “The body and the weight of meanings”; “The social weight” and “The weight of food''. Regarding the standardization and idealization of bodies, the findings confirm the existence of a body standard imposed both socially and by the sports environment. The alignment of these standards, considering the social stereotypes of femininity and the demands of high-performance sports, varies according to the particularities of each sport discipline and personal issues involved the construction of the idea of their bodies. However, it was evident the prioritization of the body that was associated with the best sports performance, even if it was not aligned with the socially imposed standard. Thus, while competing, eating was also related to performance. The withdrawal from training transformed their routines at different levels, impacting their eating habits and, therefore, their diets were no longer associated with sports performance and started to have other meanings, such as the maintenance of a body considered healthy. The present study provides insights for discussions on the topic of body image, considering the demands of high-performance sports and how female athletes can be affected by stereotypes of femininity.
Descrição
Citação
CUQUI, Juliana Costa. O paradoxo do corpo atlético e do corpo estético do esporte: a visão de ex-atletas. 2022. 58 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Psicologia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.