Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes universitários: uma comparação entre os momentos pré e durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Arquivos
Data
2021-10-26
Autores
Santos, Lylian Neres dos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O ingresso na universidade proporciona maior vulnerabilidade e exposição a eventos que podem impactar a saúde mental. Esse risco pode ser ainda maior durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Avaliar os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes universitários do Instituto Saúde e Sociedade, do campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, nos momentos pré e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e com delineamento longitudinal. A amostra foi por conveniência. Os instrumentos foram auto-aplicados, sendo eles: questionário sociodemográfico e econômico, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21). Para a análise do desfecho da DASS-21, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão multivariada Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 102 estudantes, a maioria do sexo feminino (71,6%), com menos de 25 anos de idade (85,3%), da cor branca (67,6%), solteira (96,1%), sem filhos (98%), com religião (56,9%), cursando período integral (84,31%) e do terceiro ao quinto ano do curso (65,69%). Antes da pandemia metade dos estudantes apresentou depressão classificada como normal/leve (50,0%) e durante a pandemia menos estudantes tiveram essa classificação (38,2%);14,7% apresentaram depressão classificada como muito grave antes da pandemia e durante a pandemia esse índice foi de 26,5%. Pouco mais da metade dos estudantes apresentaram níveis de ansiedade normal/leve antes e durante a pandemia, índice que se manteve estável. Para o estresse, antes da pandemia, 52,9% dos estudantes apresentaram classificação grave, durante a pandemia esse índice foi de 22,5%. Os fatores de risco para depressão e ansiedade foram: ter utilizado o sistema de cota para o ingresso na universidade, ter iniciado tratamento psicológico/psiquiátrico durante a pandemia e se sentir frequentemente solitário. Ser da cor branca, estudar em período integral e o período da pandemia também se mostraram como fatores de risco para os sintomas de depressão. Para ansiedade, foram detectados como fatores de risco: momento antes da pandemia e uso de medicação. Ainda foram detectados efeitos de interação entre os sintomas de ansiedade e o período anterior e durante a pandemia com a variável com quem reside. Para o estresse, o período da pandemia, ser do sexo feminino, sentir solidão e uso de medicação foram considerados fatores de risco. Os fatores de proteção para depressão foram: mais idade e ter preferência religiosa, enquanto para ansiedade: renda familiar de até três salário mínimos e receber auxílio permanência. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que, durante os meses iniciais da pandemia, os sintomas de depressão e estresse aumentaram; enquanto os sintomas de ansiedade reduziram entre os estudantes universitários.
Introduction: University admission provides greater vulnerability and exposure to events that can impact mental health. This risk may be even greater during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To evaluate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among students of UNIFESP - Health and Society Institute from Campus Baixada Santista, before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal study. The sample was for convenience and the study was carried out in two phases: in personal and online. The instruments were self-applied, they were: Sociodemographic and Economic Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). For the analysis of the outcome of DASS-21, the multivariate regression model Generalized Additive Models for Location was used. Results: The sample consisted of 102 students, mostly female (71,6%), less than 25 years old (85,3%), white (67,6%), single (96,1%), with no children (98%), with religious (56,9%), full-time course (84,31%) and students from third to fifth year (65,69%). Before pandemic, half of the students have shown a state of mild depression (50%) and, during pandemic, less students had this level of depression (38,2%); 14,7% have shown severe depression and, during pandemic, this percentage was 26,5%. More than half of the students presented mild anxiety levels before and during pandemic, this level was stable. For stress, before pandemic, 52,9% presented severe levels, and during pandemic this percentage was 22,5%. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were: having used the quota system to enter university, having started psychological/psychiatric treatment during the pandemic, and often feeling lonely. Moreover, being White-Caucasian, studying full-time and the moment during pandemic have been shown to be risk factors for depression. For anxiety, the risk factors detected were: the moment before pandemic and being under medical treatment. Interaction effects between anxiety symptoms and the period before and during the pandemic with the variable with whom they reside were also detected. For stress, pandemic, being female, often feeling lonely and being under medication have been identified as risk factors. The protective factors for depression were: older age and some religious preference; while for anxiety: household income of up to three minimum wages and receiving permanent assistance from University. Conclusion: The results suggest that, during the initial months of the pandemic, symptoms of depression and stress increased; while anxiety symptoms reduced among college students.
Introduction: University admission provides greater vulnerability and exposure to events that can impact mental health. This risk may be even greater during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To evaluate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among students of UNIFESP - Health and Society Institute from Campus Baixada Santista, before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal study. The sample was for convenience and the study was carried out in two phases: in personal and online. The instruments were self-applied, they were: Sociodemographic and Economic Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). For the analysis of the outcome of DASS-21, the multivariate regression model Generalized Additive Models for Location was used. Results: The sample consisted of 102 students, mostly female (71,6%), less than 25 years old (85,3%), white (67,6%), single (96,1%), with no children (98%), with religious (56,9%), full-time course (84,31%) and students from third to fifth year (65,69%). Before pandemic, half of the students have shown a state of mild depression (50%) and, during pandemic, less students had this level of depression (38,2%); 14,7% have shown severe depression and, during pandemic, this percentage was 26,5%. More than half of the students presented mild anxiety levels before and during pandemic, this level was stable. For stress, before pandemic, 52,9% presented severe levels, and during pandemic this percentage was 22,5%. The risk factors for depression and anxiety were: having used the quota system to enter university, having started psychological/psychiatric treatment during the pandemic, and often feeling lonely. Moreover, being White-Caucasian, studying full-time and the moment during pandemic have been shown to be risk factors for depression. For anxiety, the risk factors detected were: the moment before pandemic and being under medical treatment. Interaction effects between anxiety symptoms and the period before and during the pandemic with the variable with whom they reside were also detected. For stress, pandemic, being female, often feeling lonely and being under medication have been identified as risk factors. The protective factors for depression were: older age and some religious preference; while for anxiety: household income of up to three minimum wages and receiving permanent assistance from University. Conclusion: The results suggest that, during the initial months of the pandemic, symptoms of depression and stress increased; while anxiety symptoms reduced among college students.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Lylian Neres dos. Sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes universitários: uma comparação entre os momentos pré e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. 2021. 122 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.