Elaboração de material multicamada biodegradável a base de papel cartão com revestimento de quitosana e carvão ativado
Data
2022-04-12
Autores
Santos, Jackson Wesley Silva dos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Yoshida, Cristiana Maria Pedroso [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Filmes e revestimentos biodegradáveis consistem em materiais alternativos para embalagens visando minimizar o impacto ambiental causado por polímeros sintéticos. O presente trabalho consistiu em desenvolver um material a partir de papel cartão revestido com múltiplas camadas de filme biodegradável a base de quitosana, ácido palmítico e carvão ativado. A quitosana foi utilizada para formar a matriz polimérica do revestimento, o ácido palmítico tinha como objetivo atuar na barreira a umidade do material e o carvão ativado para agir na propriedade de barreira a gases. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas: a primeira etapa utilizou o Planejamento Fatorial 2^4 mais pontos centrais como ferramenta para determinar a formulação do revestimento com melhor desempenho, avaliando as variáveis independentes: concentrações de quitosana, ácido palmítico, carvão ativado e o número de camadas aplicadas. O papel cartão multicamada foi avaliado quanto a espessura, gramatura, permeabilidade à gordura, barreira e resistência (Cobb test) à umidade. Os resultados indicaram que a maior concentração de quitosana testada (2,0%, m/m) suportou a presença dos demais compostos adicionados a formulação, e promoveu maior barreira a umidade e gordura. A maior concentração de ácido palmítico (1,8%, m/m) tornou a superfície do material hidrofóbica. E a maior concentração de carvão ativado (1,2%, m/m) aumentou a barreira ao vapor d’água, devido a sua natureza apolar. A aplicação de três camadas de revestimento (3C) foi a que a apresentou melhor desempenho para formação do material, considerando que cinco camadas (5C) alterou a processabilidade do material. A partir da formulação definida na 1ª etapa, a segunda etapa foi realizada com o material com melhor desempenho, caracterizando quanto às propriedades mecânicas (resistência à tração, alongamento na ruptura e rigidez Taber), barreira (ar e oxigênio), rugosidade e biodegradabilidade. O papel cartão multicamada apresentou maior rigidez, alongamento na ruptura e menor rugosidade quando comparado ao papel cartão sem revestimento. As folhas de papel revestidas e não revestidas apresentaram biodegradabilidade de 55,01 ± 16,24% e 69,38 ± 27,15%; respectivamente, com relação à massa inicial das amostras no período de 188 dias. O papel cartão multicamada formado a partir do revestimento à base de quitosana, ácido palmítico e carvão ativado apresentou melhores propriedades mecânicas e de barreira (ao vapor d’água e gordura) com potencial aplicação para formação de embalagens sustentáveis.
Biodegradable films and coatings are alternative materials for packaging to minimize the environmental impact caused by synthetic polymers. The present work consisted in developing a material from coated paperboard with multiple layers of biodegradable film based on chitosan, palmitic acid and activated carbon. Chitosan was used to form the polymeric matrix of the coating, palmitic acid was used to act as a barrier to material moisture, and activated carbon to act as a barrier to gases. The work was carried out in two stages: the first stage used the Factorial Planning 2^4 plus central points as a tool to determine the formulation of the coating with better performance, evaluating the independent variables: concentrations of chitosan, palmitic acid, activated carbon, and the number of layers applied. The multilayer paperboard was evaluated for thickness, grammage, fat permeability, barrier, and resistance (Cobb test) to moisture. The results indicated that the higher concentration of chitosan tested (2.0%, w/w) supported the presence of the other compounds added to the formulation and promoted a more significant barrier to moisture and fat. The higher concentration of palmitic acid (1.8%, w/w) made the surface of the material hydrophobic. And the higher concentration of activated carbon (1.2%, w/w) increased the barrier to water vapor due to its non-polar nature. The application of three coating layers (3C) presented the best performance for material formation, considering that five layers (5C) altered the processability of the material. From the formulation defined in the 1st stage, the second stage was performed with the material with better performance, characterizing the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at breakage and stiffness Taber), barrier (air and oxygen), roughness, and biodegradability. The multilayer paperboard presented higher stiffness, elongation at rupture, and lower roughness when compared to the uncoated one. Coated and uncoated paper sheets showed biodegradability of 55.01 ± 16.24% and 69.38 ± 27.15%; respectively, in relation to the initial mass of the samples in the period of 188 days. The multilayer paperboard formed from the coating based on chitosan, palmitic acid, and activated carbon showed the ability to improve the mechanical and barrier properties (to water vapor and fat) with potential application for the formation of sustainable packaging.
Biodegradable films and coatings are alternative materials for packaging to minimize the environmental impact caused by synthetic polymers. The present work consisted in developing a material from coated paperboard with multiple layers of biodegradable film based on chitosan, palmitic acid and activated carbon. Chitosan was used to form the polymeric matrix of the coating, palmitic acid was used to act as a barrier to material moisture, and activated carbon to act as a barrier to gases. The work was carried out in two stages: the first stage used the Factorial Planning 2^4 plus central points as a tool to determine the formulation of the coating with better performance, evaluating the independent variables: concentrations of chitosan, palmitic acid, activated carbon, and the number of layers applied. The multilayer paperboard was evaluated for thickness, grammage, fat permeability, barrier, and resistance (Cobb test) to moisture. The results indicated that the higher concentration of chitosan tested (2.0%, w/w) supported the presence of the other compounds added to the formulation and promoted a more significant barrier to moisture and fat. The higher concentration of palmitic acid (1.8%, w/w) made the surface of the material hydrophobic. And the higher concentration of activated carbon (1.2%, w/w) increased the barrier to water vapor due to its non-polar nature. The application of three coating layers (3C) presented the best performance for material formation, considering that five layers (5C) altered the processability of the material. From the formulation defined in the 1st stage, the second stage was performed with the material with better performance, characterizing the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at breakage and stiffness Taber), barrier (air and oxygen), roughness, and biodegradability. The multilayer paperboard presented higher stiffness, elongation at rupture, and lower roughness when compared to the uncoated one. Coated and uncoated paper sheets showed biodegradability of 55.01 ± 16.24% and 69.38 ± 27.15%; respectively, in relation to the initial mass of the samples in the period of 188 days. The multilayer paperboard formed from the coating based on chitosan, palmitic acid, and activated carbon showed the ability to improve the mechanical and barrier properties (to water vapor and fat) with potential application for the formation of sustainable packaging.