Risco de suicídio e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários antes e durante o isolamento social pela COVID-19
Data
2021-10-27
Autores
Moraes, Sabrina Marques [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A graduação pode representar um período desafiador para os estudantes. As mudanças e incertezas causadas pela COVID-19 podem aumentar a suscetibilidade desse grupo para problemas de saúde mental e sofrimento psíquico, como depressão e risco de suicídio. Objetivo: Avaliamos a prevalência e os fatores de riscos e de proteção associados à gravidade do risco de suicídio e os sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários antes e durante a fase inicial do isolamento social provocado pela COVID-19. O período de coleta presencial ocorreu no início de março de 2020 e, online, de junho a 24 julho de 2020. Método: Estudo quantitativo, longitudinal e prospectivo, desenvolvido com 102 estudantes universitários do Instituto Saúde e Sociedade do Campus Baixada Santista, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados em duas etapas (antes do isolamento social e durante a fase inicial do isolamento social). Os seguintes instrumentos foram autoaplicados: questionário sociodemográfico e econômico, Módulo-C da Minientrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (MINI); Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (EDAE-21); e Questionário de Trauma na Infância (QUESI). Para análise dos desfechos investigados, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão multivariada Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). Resultados: Predominaram na amostra os graduandos do sexo feminino (71,6%), com menos de 25 anos de idade (85,3%), da cor branca (67,6%), solteiros (96,1%), sem filhos (98%), e com religião (56,9%). Foram detectadas diferenças significativas nos sintomas de depressão e no risco de suicídio nos períodos antes e durante a pandemia. Os fatores de risco tanto para depressão quanto para risco de suicídio foram: se sentir frequentemente solitário; ter ingressado na universidade pelo sistema de cota; ter iniciado tratamento psicológico ou psiquiátrico durante a pandemia; e ter referido história de abuso emocional na infância e / ou na adolescência. Apenas para depressão: estudar em período integral; ter se autodeclarado da cor branca; ter iniciado tratamento de saúde durante o isolamento social; a fase inicial da pandemia. Apenas para risco de suicídio: ter renda familiar de até três salários mínimos durante o isolamento social; ter referido história de negligência física na infância e / ou na adolescência. Os fatores de proteção para depressão foram: possuir religião; ter pessoas a mais residindo no domicílio durante o isolamento social; mais idade; enquanto que para risco de suicídio foi apenas a fase inicial da pandemia. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam fatores relevantes associados a risco para suicídio e depressão entre universitários.
Introduction: The graduation may represent a challenging time for students. The changes and uncertainties caused by COVID-19 may increase the susceptibility of this group for mental health issues and psychological distress, as depression and risk of suicide. Objective: We assessed the prevalence and risk and protective factors associated with the severity of suicide risk and depressive symptoms among university students before and during the initial phase of social isolation caused by COVID-19. The in-person collection period took place at the beginning of March 2020 and, online, from June to 24 July 2020. Method: Quantitative, longitudinal and prospective study, developed with 102 university students from Health and Society Institute, Federal University of São Paulo. The data was collected in two stages (before social isolation and during the initial phase of social isolation). The following instruments were selfadministrated by the students: sociodemographic and economic questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS -21); and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used to analyse the outcomes. Results: Most of students were female (71,6%), less than 25 years old (85,3%), Caucasian (67,6%), single (96,1%), without children (98%) and with religion (56,9%). Significant differences were detected in the depression symptoms and in the risk of suicide in the periods before and during the pandemic. The risk factors for depression and risk of suicide were: often feel lonely; having entered university through the quota system; having started psychological or psychiatric treatment during the pandemic and having reported history of emotional abuse in childhood and/or adolescence. For depression only: studying in full-time; to have self-declared as Caucasian; having started health care during social isolation; and the initial phase of the pandemic. Only for suicide risk: having a family income of up to three minimum wages during social isolation; having reported a history of physical neglect in childhood and/or adolescence. The protective factors for depression were: having a religion; having more people living together in a household during social isolations; older; while for risk of suicide it was only the initial phase of the pandemic. Conclusion: The results point to relevant factors associated with risk for suicide and depression among university students
Introduction: The graduation may represent a challenging time for students. The changes and uncertainties caused by COVID-19 may increase the susceptibility of this group for mental health issues and psychological distress, as depression and risk of suicide. Objective: We assessed the prevalence and risk and protective factors associated with the severity of suicide risk and depressive symptoms among university students before and during the initial phase of social isolation caused by COVID-19. The in-person collection period took place at the beginning of March 2020 and, online, from June to 24 July 2020. Method: Quantitative, longitudinal and prospective study, developed with 102 university students from Health and Society Institute, Federal University of São Paulo. The data was collected in two stages (before social isolation and during the initial phase of social isolation). The following instruments were selfadministrated by the students: sociodemographic and economic questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS -21); and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) was used to analyse the outcomes. Results: Most of students were female (71,6%), less than 25 years old (85,3%), Caucasian (67,6%), single (96,1%), without children (98%) and with religion (56,9%). Significant differences were detected in the depression symptoms and in the risk of suicide in the periods before and during the pandemic. The risk factors for depression and risk of suicide were: often feel lonely; having entered university through the quota system; having started psychological or psychiatric treatment during the pandemic and having reported history of emotional abuse in childhood and/or adolescence. For depression only: studying in full-time; to have self-declared as Caucasian; having started health care during social isolation; and the initial phase of the pandemic. Only for suicide risk: having a family income of up to three minimum wages during social isolation; having reported a history of physical neglect in childhood and/or adolescence. The protective factors for depression were: having a religion; having more people living together in a household during social isolations; older; while for risk of suicide it was only the initial phase of the pandemic. Conclusion: The results point to relevant factors associated with risk for suicide and depression among university students
Descrição
Citação
MORAES, Sabrina Marques. Risco de suicídio e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários antes e durante o isolamento social pela COVID-19. 2021. 121 p. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.