Percepções dos profissionais da saúde e da educação sobre o Programa Saúde na Escola no Território da Alemoa, Município de Santos
Data
2022-03-21
Autores
Baroni, Juliane Gonçallo [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Silva, Carla Cilene Baptista da [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado profissional
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Na perspectiva da contemplação da saúde e educação integral dos estudantes das escolas públicas, o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) foi concebido em 2007 como política interministerial da Saúde e Educação, com o intuito de coordenar ações de promoção, prevenção e atenção à saúde. Para tanto o trabalho é realizado numa integração entre a Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e as escolas, acessando também outros equipamentos do território. O objetivo norteador desse estudo foi conhecer as percepções dos profissionais da saúde e educação sobre as ações do PSE no território da Alemoa e como resultado obteve o Produto Técnico “Oficinas PSE”, que propõe a realização de encontros com o propósito de educação continuada para instrumentalizar os profissionais da saúde e da educação a desenvolverem ações nos seus territórios e a institucionalizar um espaço para o encontro intersetorial exclusivo para o PSE. Dessa forma, sob a abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso, que tem por lócus a Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) e duas Unidades Municipais de Educação (UME) do território da Alemoa. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas a nove profissionais, sendo seis da saúde e três da educação entre março e abril de 2021. Para o tratamento dos dados foi realizado o processamento do corpus da pesquisa no software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multtidimensionnelles de Textes et Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ-R), utilizando a Classificação Hierárquica descendente e a Análise de Similitude. A análise lexical apresentou cinco classes, que foram analisadas e nomeadas com base nos referenciais teóricos sobre o PSE, a saúde escolar e a intersetorialidade: Classe 1 – Encaminhamentos; Classe 2 – Relação Intersetorial Saúde e Educação; Classe 3 - Panorama do PSE; Classe 4 – O Acesso à Saúde; Classe 5 – Reflexos do PSE na Comunidade. Considerando os resultados obtidos, destacou-se que as ações do PSE se concentram na reunião de matriciamento, no entanto não foram identificados momentos dedicados para o planejamento e estruturação de ações norteadas pelo contexto do território, voltadas para a coletividade. Essa reunião promoveu maior proximidade entre a USF e as escolas, foi percebida como potencial forma de atendimento às demandas da comunidade, se constituindo em uma importante rede de apoio. Há a ocorrência de grandes ações propostas pelo Grupo de Trabalho Intersetorial Municipal, com foco biológico, aplicadas pelos profissionais, principalmente nas escolas. A escassez de formação, o pouco conhecimento da política PSE e a grandes demandas de trabalho setoriais, são entraves que comprometem a plena contemplação dos objetivos do programa, que atravessado pela pandemia, aumentou os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais. O presente estudo aponta que há um grande potencial a ser explorado pelo encontro saúde e educação proposto pelo PSE, o que pôde-se observar inicialmente pelas reuniões de matriciamento, mas desafios envolvendo a setorialidade, a lógica tradicional de gerenciamento, a abordagem biológica e a participação social precisam ser superados para avançar rumo às propostas de promoção da saúde.
Palavras-chave: Política de Saúde; Promoção da Saúde Escolar; Atenção à Saúde; Proteção Social em Saúde; Intersetorialidade.
On the perspective to comprehend health and education of public schools’ students, the Health at School Program (PSE) was stablished in 2007 as intersectoral public policy between Health and Education Ministries to coordinate activities of health promotion, prevention and health care. For this, the work is carried out in an integration between the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and schools, also accessing other equipment in the territory. The guiding objective of this study was to know the perceptions of health and education professionals about PSE actions in Alemoa territory and, as a result, it obtained the Technical Product "PSE Workshops", which proposes the holding of meetings with the intention of continuing education to outfit professionals to develop actions in their territories and the institutionalization of a space for the exclusive intersectoral meeting for the PSE with health and education professionals. Thus, under the approach of qualitative research, a case study was developed, which has as its locus the Family Health Unit (USF) in Alemoa and two Municipal Education Units (UME) in the Alemoa territory. Semi-structured interviews were conduct, applied to nine professionals, six from health and three from education between March and April 2021. For data analysis, the research corpus was processed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multtidimensionnelles de Textes et Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ-R) software, using Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similitude Analysis. The lexical analysis presented five classes, which were analyzed and named based on theoretical references on PSE, school health and intersectoriality: Class 1 – Referrals; Class 2 – Intersectoral Relationship Health and Education; Class 3 - Overview of the PSE; Class 4 – Access to Health; Class 5 – Repercussions of the PSE in the Community. Considering the obtained results, it was highlighted that the PSE actions focus on the matrix support meeting, however, dedicated moments for the planning and structuring of actions guided by the context of the territory aimed at the collectivity were not identified. This meeting promoted greater proximity between the USF and the schools, it was perceived as a potential way of meeting the demands of the community, constituting an important support network. There are major actions proposed by the Municipal Intersectoral Working Group, with a biological focus, applied by PSE professionals, mainly in schools. The scarcity of training, the little knowledge of the PSE policy and the great demands of sectoral work are obstacles that compromise the full achievement of the program's objectives, which, crossed by the pandemic, increased the challenges faced by professionals. The present study points out that there is great potential to be explored by the health and education meeting proposed by the PSE, which could be observed, initially, through the matrix support meetings, but challenges involving sectoriality, traditional management logic, the biological approach and social participation need to be addressed, to advance towards health promotion proposals.
On the perspective to comprehend health and education of public schools’ students, the Health at School Program (PSE) was stablished in 2007 as intersectoral public policy between Health and Education Ministries to coordinate activities of health promotion, prevention and health care. For this, the work is carried out in an integration between the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and schools, also accessing other equipment in the territory. The guiding objective of this study was to know the perceptions of health and education professionals about PSE actions in Alemoa territory and, as a result, it obtained the Technical Product "PSE Workshops", which proposes the holding of meetings with the intention of continuing education to outfit professionals to develop actions in their territories and the institutionalization of a space for the exclusive intersectoral meeting for the PSE with health and education professionals. Thus, under the approach of qualitative research, a case study was developed, which has as its locus the Family Health Unit (USF) in Alemoa and two Municipal Education Units (UME) in the Alemoa territory. Semi-structured interviews were conduct, applied to nine professionals, six from health and three from education between March and April 2021. For data analysis, the research corpus was processed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multtidimensionnelles de Textes et Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ-R) software, using Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similitude Analysis. The lexical analysis presented five classes, which were analyzed and named based on theoretical references on PSE, school health and intersectoriality: Class 1 – Referrals; Class 2 – Intersectoral Relationship Health and Education; Class 3 - Overview of the PSE; Class 4 – Access to Health; Class 5 – Repercussions of the PSE in the Community. Considering the obtained results, it was highlighted that the PSE actions focus on the matrix support meeting, however, dedicated moments for the planning and structuring of actions guided by the context of the territory aimed at the collectivity were not identified. This meeting promoted greater proximity between the USF and the schools, it was perceived as a potential way of meeting the demands of the community, constituting an important support network. There are major actions proposed by the Municipal Intersectoral Working Group, with a biological focus, applied by PSE professionals, mainly in schools. The scarcity of training, the little knowledge of the PSE policy and the great demands of sectoral work are obstacles that compromise the full achievement of the program's objectives, which, crossed by the pandemic, increased the challenges faced by professionals. The present study points out that there is great potential to be explored by the health and education meeting proposed by the PSE, which could be observed, initially, through the matrix support meetings, but challenges involving sectoriality, traditional management logic, the biological approach and social participation need to be addressed, to advance towards health promotion proposals.