Uma proposta do uso de textos de divulgação científica em planos de aula de física para o ensino médio a partir da análise do livro “Uma breve história do tempo”, de Stephen Hawking.
Data
2021-08-05
Autores
Luz, Stella Silva [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Santos, Leonardo Sioufi Fagundes dos [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Este trabalho discorre sobre o uso de materiais de divulgação científica no ensino de física e
ciências, escolhendo um material em particular, o livro “Uma breve história do tempo” do físico
Stephen Hawking. O objetivo é explorar todo o potencial de um livro de divulgação científica
como material paradidático e fonte de consulta para docentes na preparação de planos de
aula. O livro de Stephen Hawking escolhido nesta pesquisa foi o mais vendido sobre
divulgação científica no mercado editorial brasileiro no site de vendas Amazon em dezembro
de 2020, o que justifica a escolha do material. Primeiramente, é estabelecida a relação entre
divulgação científica e ensino de ciências na perspectiva da classificação da educação em
educação formal, não formal e informal. Posteriormente, é analisado o livro “Uma breve
história do tempo”, através da produção de uma resenha crítica para cada capítulo. O livro
apresentou alguns problemas em possíveis aplicações no ensino de ciências: falta de
ferramentas matemáticas correspondentes aos conceitos físicos, superficialidade na abordagem
dos temas, narrativas de história da ciência eurocêntricas, omissão de algumas classificações
necessárias na procura de tópicos como palavra-chave e de teorias pertinentes ao contexto da
obra, desatualizações devido à época em que o livro foi escrito, apresentação da mecânica
quântica sem a multiplicidade de interpretações, definição muito restrita de entropia e menção
ao conceito de Deus. Enfim, são apresentados 2 planos de aula usando os capítulos do livro
para o quarto bimestre da segunda série do ensino médio, baseado nas competências e
habilidades do Currículo Paulista. Os planos de aula têm como temas “Modelos atômicos - da
Grécia Clássica aos quarks”, utilizando o capítulo 5 “Partículas elementares e as forças da
natureza” e ‘’A natureza da luz” com o capítulo 4 “O princípio da incerteza”.
This present academic work addresses a research about the use of scientific dissemination materials in the physics and science teaching, by choosing a specific material, the book “A brief history of time, by the physicist Stephen Hawking. The purpose is to explore the whole potential of a scientific dissemination book as an educational material and become a source for teachers to use in their lessons plans. The Stephen Hawking’s book chosen in this study was the best seller in the scientific dissemination category on the Amazon website, in December of 2020, what justifies the use of the book. First, it is approached the relation between the scientific dissemination and the science teaching, from de perspective of classifying formal education, non-formal education, and informal education. Then, the book “A brief history of time” is analyzed through the production of a critical review for each chapter. The book has some problems in possible applications in science teaching: the lack of mathematical tools corresponding to physics concepts, superficiality in the approach to the themes, narratives of the history of science Eurocentric, omission of some necessary classifications in the search of topics as key-word and relevant theories in the context of the work, anachronism due to the time the book was written and there is the presentation of the Quantum Mechanics without the multiplicity of interpretations, very narrow definition of entropy and mention of the concept of God. Lastly, two lessons plans are presented using chapters from the book for the fourth bimester of the second grade of high school, based on the competences and abilities of the Currículo Paulista. The lesson plans have as themes “Atomic models – from classical Greece to quarks”, using chapter 5 “Elementary particles and forces of nature” and “The nature of the light” with chapter 4 “The uncertainty principle”.
This present academic work addresses a research about the use of scientific dissemination materials in the physics and science teaching, by choosing a specific material, the book “A brief history of time, by the physicist Stephen Hawking. The purpose is to explore the whole potential of a scientific dissemination book as an educational material and become a source for teachers to use in their lessons plans. The Stephen Hawking’s book chosen in this study was the best seller in the scientific dissemination category on the Amazon website, in December of 2020, what justifies the use of the book. First, it is approached the relation between the scientific dissemination and the science teaching, from de perspective of classifying formal education, non-formal education, and informal education. Then, the book “A brief history of time” is analyzed through the production of a critical review for each chapter. The book has some problems in possible applications in science teaching: the lack of mathematical tools corresponding to physics concepts, superficiality in the approach to the themes, narratives of the history of science Eurocentric, omission of some necessary classifications in the search of topics as key-word and relevant theories in the context of the work, anachronism due to the time the book was written and there is the presentation of the Quantum Mechanics without the multiplicity of interpretations, very narrow definition of entropy and mention of the concept of God. Lastly, two lessons plans are presented using chapters from the book for the fourth bimester of the second grade of high school, based on the competences and abilities of the Currículo Paulista. The lesson plans have as themes “Atomic models – from classical Greece to quarks”, using chapter 5 “Elementary particles and forces of nature” and “The nature of the light” with chapter 4 “The uncertainty principle”.