Yvyrupa: Conservação da Mata Atlântica na perspectiva tradicional Guarani Mbya no contexto do conflito territorial da (aldeia) Tekoa Paranapuã
Data
2022-02-10
Autores
Hatai, Leila Miyoko [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Taddei, Renzo Romano [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Esta pesquisa está inserida nas ações do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) – Educação Popular, pela frente “Cultura e Resistência Indígena”. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os elementos principais da cosmovisão Guarani Mbya, sintetizados no conceito de yvyrupa, e situá-los no contexto do conflito territorial envolvendo a Aldeia Paranapuã, que se encontra em área de sobreposição a Unidade de Conservação (UC), o Parque Estadual Xixová Japuí (PEXJ), e o Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir do referencial teórico e metodológico freiriano da Educação Popular.
O argumento aqui apresentado é o de que a cosmologia Guarani Mbya relaciona os seres humanos e demais seres que compõem a Serra do Mar e a Mata Atlântica de maneira a dar aos não humanos (animais, plantas, rios, montanhas) status existencial equivalente ao dos seres humanos, o que necessariamente cria obrigações e impõe regulações morais na relação entre os existentes. Partindo dos relatos feitos tanto pela comunidade do Tekoa Paranapuã, como também por outros indígenas, podemos entender sua perspectiva ontológica a partir do nhandereko, que é composto por diversos elementos, inclusive essa relação que existe entre os humanos e não humanos, e que promovem, ao invés de destruir, a biodiversidade. O trabalho conclui com a proposição de que o reconhecimento do valor do modo de vida tradicional dos Guarani para a conservação da biodiversidade poderia criar as condições para a cooperação entre os órgãos de proteção ambiental e a comunidade indígena.
This research is part of the actions of the Tutorial Education Program (PET) – Popular Education, on the “Culture and Indigenous Resistance” front. This work aims to present the main elements of the Guarani Mbya cosmovision, synthesized in the concept of yvyrupa, and to place them in the context of the territorial conflict involving Aldeia Paranapuã, which is located in an area of overlap with the Unit of Conservation (UC), the Xixová Japuí State Park (PEXJ), and the state of São Paulo. The research was carried out from the Freirean theoretical and methodological framework of Popular Education. The argument presented here is that the Guarani Mbya cosmology relates human beings and other beings that make up the Serra do Mar and the Atlantic Forest in a way that gives nonhumans (animals, plants, rivers, mountains) an existential status equivalent to that of humans, which necessarily creates obligations and imposes moral regulations on the relationship between the existing ones. Based on reports made by both the Tekoa Paranapuã community and other indigenous people, we can understand their ontological perspective based on the nhandereko, which is composed of several elements, including this relationship that exists between humans and non-human, which promote, rather than destroy, biodiversity. The work concludes with the proposition that recognizing the value of the Guarani's traditional way of life for the conservation of biodiversity could create the conditions for cooperation between environmental protection agencies and the indigenous community.
This research is part of the actions of the Tutorial Education Program (PET) – Popular Education, on the “Culture and Indigenous Resistance” front. This work aims to present the main elements of the Guarani Mbya cosmovision, synthesized in the concept of yvyrupa, and to place them in the context of the territorial conflict involving Aldeia Paranapuã, which is located in an area of overlap with the Unit of Conservation (UC), the Xixová Japuí State Park (PEXJ), and the state of São Paulo. The research was carried out from the Freirean theoretical and methodological framework of Popular Education. The argument presented here is that the Guarani Mbya cosmology relates human beings and other beings that make up the Serra do Mar and the Atlantic Forest in a way that gives nonhumans (animals, plants, rivers, mountains) an existential status equivalent to that of humans, which necessarily creates obligations and imposes moral regulations on the relationship between the existing ones. Based on reports made by both the Tekoa Paranapuã community and other indigenous people, we can understand their ontological perspective based on the nhandereko, which is composed of several elements, including this relationship that exists between humans and non-human, which promote, rather than destroy, biodiversity. The work concludes with the proposition that recognizing the value of the Guarani's traditional way of life for the conservation of biodiversity could create the conditions for cooperation between environmental protection agencies and the indigenous community.
Descrição
Citação
HATAI, Leila Miyoko. Yvyrupa: Conservação da Mata Atlântica na perspectiva tradicional Guarani Mbya no contexto do conflito territorial da (aldeia) Tekoa Paranapuã. 2022. 56 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.