Ocorrência de distribuição de bitucas de cigarro em áreas urbanas da cidade de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
Data
2022-02-02
Autores
Lopes, Thaís Cândido [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Castro, Ítalo Braga [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Fumar cigarros é um hábito que causa diversos problemas de saúde. Além disso,
todo o ciclo produtivo do cigarro ocasiona problemas ambientais. Bitucas de cigarro
(BCs) são os itens mais abundantes entre os resíduos sólidos encontrados em
praias e áreas urbanas. A contaminação de BCs é pouco conhecida, principalmente
em grandes centros urbanos costeiros. Nesse aspecto, a costa brasileira sofre com
a contaminação por lixo e Santos é a maior cidade litorânea habitada do estado de
São Paulo. Portanto, o presente estudo avaliou a ocorrência e a distribuição bitucas
de cigarros em áreas urbanas da cidade de Santos levando em consideração
densidades domiciliares, perfis socioeconômicos e uso do solo. Para tal, três
campanhas de amostragem aconteceram em 18 pontos urbanos da cidade. As BCs
coletadas foram contadas, identificadas. A partir dos dados foi possível calcular a
densidade de bitucas e o índice de poluição de bitucas de cigarro (IPBC) Os
resultados do estudo mostraram uma densidade média de 0,25 BCs/m². Enquanto
maiores densidades de BCs foram observadas em áreas comerciais, nenhuma
tendência relacionada à densidade domiciliar foi observada. Os valores de IPBC
apontaram que 83,3% dos pontos amostrais (15) estão severamente contaminados
por BCs com alto potencial de lixiviação de substâncias químicas perigosas para o
solo e lençóis freáticos. Além disso, foi possível traçar um perfil das marcas mais
fumadas na cidade, o que pode futuramente fomentar a implementação de políticas
públicas de logística reversa, visto que, cabe ao poder público realizar a gestão dos
resíduos sólidos de forma compartilhada com os usuários e as empresas. Por fim, a
realização de mais estudos dessa natureza é sugerido, permitindo o
aprofundamento da compreensão dos desafios relacionados ao gerenciamento
destes resíduos.
Smoking cigarettes may induce many health problems. In addition, the entire tobacco production cycle generates serious environmental issues. Cigarette butts (BCs) are the most abundant items among the solid waste found on beaches and urban areas. The contamination by BCs is little known, especially in large coastal urban centers. In this regard, the Brazilian coast suffers from contamination by marine debris and Santos is the largest inhabited coastal city in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, the present study evaluated the occurrence and distribution of cigarette butts in urban areas of the city of Santos, taking into account household densities, socioeconomic profiles and land use. For that, three sampling campaigns took place in 18 urban points distributed in different areas of the city. The collected BCs were counted and subsequently identified. Based on obtained data, it was possible to calculate the density of CBs and the cigarette butts pollution index (IPBC). The results of the study showed an average density of 0.25 CBs/m². While higher densities of CBs were observed in commercial areas, no trend related to household density was observed. The IPBC values indicated that 83.3% of the sampling points (15) are severely contaminated by CBs with a high potential for leaching hazardous chemicals to the soil and groundwater. In addition, it was possible to draw a profile of the most smoked brands in the city, which may in the future encourage the implementation of public policies of reverse logistics, since together public power the management of solid waste should be shared among users and companies. Finally, further studies of this nature are suggested, allowing for a deeper understanding of the challenges related to the management of these residues
Smoking cigarettes may induce many health problems. In addition, the entire tobacco production cycle generates serious environmental issues. Cigarette butts (BCs) are the most abundant items among the solid waste found on beaches and urban areas. The contamination by BCs is little known, especially in large coastal urban centers. In this regard, the Brazilian coast suffers from contamination by marine debris and Santos is the largest inhabited coastal city in the state of São Paulo. Therefore, the present study evaluated the occurrence and distribution of cigarette butts in urban areas of the city of Santos, taking into account household densities, socioeconomic profiles and land use. For that, three sampling campaigns took place in 18 urban points distributed in different areas of the city. The collected BCs were counted and subsequently identified. Based on obtained data, it was possible to calculate the density of CBs and the cigarette butts pollution index (IPBC). The results of the study showed an average density of 0.25 CBs/m². While higher densities of CBs were observed in commercial areas, no trend related to household density was observed. The IPBC values indicated that 83.3% of the sampling points (15) are severely contaminated by CBs with a high potential for leaching hazardous chemicals to the soil and groundwater. In addition, it was possible to draw a profile of the most smoked brands in the city, which may in the future encourage the implementation of public policies of reverse logistics, since together public power the management of solid waste should be shared among users and companies. Finally, further studies of this nature are suggested, allowing for a deeper understanding of the challenges related to the management of these residues
Descrição
Citação
LOPES, Thaís Cândido. Ocorrência de distribuição de bitucas de cigarro em áreas urbanas da cidade de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil. 2022. 38 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.