Neurotoxicidade induzida por cocaína e lidocaína: revisão bibliográfica
Data
2022-01-28
Autores
Melo, Maria Fabiana de 
Orientadores
Garcia, Raphael Caio Tamborelli
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O uso de substâncias psicoativas é bem antigo e está presente na vida de várias pessoas ao redor do mundo. O uso milenar dessas substâncias está atrelado a rituais religiosos, mas no decorrer do tempo, esse uso tornou-se menos comum e o uso recreativo ganhou espaço no cotidiano das pessoas. Entre as drogas mais utilizadas destaca-se a cocaína que apresenta ação estimulante no sistema nervoso central. No mercado, com o objetivo de torná-la mais rentável ao comércio ilegal, a cocaína raramente é vendida pura e a adição de adulterantes ao pó é uma prática comum, pois aumenta o volume da droga e gera lucro aos traficantes. A lidocaína, utilizada na adulteração da cocaína, é um anestésico local bastante utilizado principalmente na odontologia. Estudos mostram que o uso simultâneo de cocaína e lidocaína provoca efeitos graves decorrentes de alterações no sistema nervoso central, dentre elas, crises convulsivas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a neurotoxicidade induzida pelo uso simultâneo de cocaína e lidocaína e buscar informações sobre o potencial risco ao sistema nervoso central quando utilizadas concomitantemente. Foram realizadas buscas na literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct, NCBI, Google Scholar e Scielo, publicados no período de 1989 a 2021. Foram selecionados trabalhos realizados nos idiomas Português, Inglês e Espanhol que se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão. A pesquisa foi elaborada utilizando materiais como artigos de caráter científico, dissertações, teses, periódicos, TCC e livros informativos. A cocaína pode levar à morte celular por meio da necrose e da apoptose, dependendo da concentração a qual atinge o tecido e, portanto, a dose. Cabe ressaltar que o uso contínuo dessa substância pode desencadear transtornos psicóticos, delírios, entre outros problemas de saúde. Na administração de lidocaína, alguns estudos apontam efeitos anticonvulsivantes em baixas doses, enquanto que o contrário, é observado em altas doses. Apenas um estudo foi encontrado descrevendo os efeitos decorrentes da interação dessas substâncias, a saber: aumento da excitabilidade animal e da atividade motora, convulsões, psicoses agudas e óbitos. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos, tanto a cocaína como a lidocaína são substâncias neurotóxicas no sistema nervoso central e podem representar um alto risco quando associadas.
The use of psychoactive substances is very old and is present in the lives of many people around the world. The millenary use of these substances is linked to religious rituals, but over time, this use has become less common and recreational use has gained space in people's daily lives. Among the most used drugs, cocaine has a stimulant action on the central nervous system. In the market, with the objective of making it more profitable for the illegal trade, cocaine is rarely sold pure and the addition of adulterants to the powder is a common practice, as it increases the volume of the drug and generates profit for the traffickers. Lidocaine, used in the adulteration of cocaine, is a local anesthetic widely used mainly in dentistry. Studies show that the simultaneous use of cocaine and lidocaine causes serious effects resulting from changes in the central nervous system, including seizures. This work aims to carry out a literature review on neurotoxicity induced by the simultaneous use of cocaine and lidocaine and seek information on the potential risk to the central nervous system when used concomitantly. Literature searches were carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, NCBI, Google Scholar and Scielo databases, published from 1989 to 2021. Works carried out in Portuguese, English and Spanish that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The research was elaborated using materials such as scientific articles, dissertations, theses, periodicals, TCC and informative books. Cocaine can lead to cell death through necrosis and apoptosis, depending on the concentration at which it reaches the tissue and, therefore, the dose. It should be noted that the continuous use of this substance can trigger psychotic disorders, delusions, among other health problems. In the administration of lidocaine, some studies point to anticonvulsant effects at low doses, while the opposite is observed at high doses. Only one study was found describing the effects resulting from the interaction of these substances, namely: increased animal excitability and motor activity, seizures, acute psychoses and deaths. Although more studies are needed, both cocaine and lidocaine are neurotoxic substances in the central nervous system and may represent a high risk when combined.
The use of psychoactive substances is very old and is present in the lives of many people around the world. The millenary use of these substances is linked to religious rituals, but over time, this use has become less common and recreational use has gained space in people's daily lives. Among the most used drugs, cocaine has a stimulant action on the central nervous system. In the market, with the objective of making it more profitable for the illegal trade, cocaine is rarely sold pure and the addition of adulterants to the powder is a common practice, as it increases the volume of the drug and generates profit for the traffickers. Lidocaine, used in the adulteration of cocaine, is a local anesthetic widely used mainly in dentistry. Studies show that the simultaneous use of cocaine and lidocaine causes serious effects resulting from changes in the central nervous system, including seizures. This work aims to carry out a literature review on neurotoxicity induced by the simultaneous use of cocaine and lidocaine and seek information on the potential risk to the central nervous system when used concomitantly. Literature searches were carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, NCBI, Google Scholar and Scielo databases, published from 1989 to 2021. Works carried out in Portuguese, English and Spanish that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The research was elaborated using materials such as scientific articles, dissertations, theses, periodicals, TCC and informative books. Cocaine can lead to cell death through necrosis and apoptosis, depending on the concentration at which it reaches the tissue and, therefore, the dose. It should be noted that the continuous use of this substance can trigger psychotic disorders, delusions, among other health problems. In the administration of lidocaine, some studies point to anticonvulsant effects at low doses, while the opposite is observed at high doses. Only one study was found describing the effects resulting from the interaction of these substances, namely: increased animal excitability and motor activity, seizures, acute psychoses and deaths. Although more studies are needed, both cocaine and lidocaine are neurotoxic substances in the central nervous system and may represent a high risk when combined.