Levantamento do uso de agrotóxicos nas cabeceiras do rio Xingu e monitoramento das águas do Parque Indígena do Xingu
Arquivos
Data
2018-12-14
Autores
Cerqueira, Tiago 
Orientadores
Silva, Diogo Oliveira
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A demanda de alimentos impulsiona quantidades crescentes de agrotóxicos nas áreas
de produção agrícola. Entretanto o uso indiscriminado de praguicidas nas lavouras
estão provocando contaminação dos meios aquáticos em áreas adjacentes, como as
áreas protegidas. A contaminação por poluentes orgânicos em áreas protegidas tem
chamado a atenção dos pesquisadores para uma necessidade de monitoramento
ambiental e controle nas emissões poluidoras, uma vez que essas áreas são de
interesse público no que tange à qualidade dos recursos naturais, sobretudo a água. O
Parque Indígena do Xingu (PIX) é uma terra indígena de importante conservação da
sociobiodiversidade mundial e importante protagonista ambiental. Entretanto ele está
situado num cinturão de atividade agrícola que pode causar alterações na qualidade
dos recursos naturais na Bacia do Xingu. Um destes impactos é o elevado uso de
agrotóxicos resultantes de atividades de pulverização em lavouras extensivas limítrofes
ao redor do PIX. Embora o Parque Indígena do Xingu seja uma área de preservação
emblemática do território nacional, não há qualquer relato sobre o monitoramento de
agrotóxicos nas águas da Bacia do Xingu. Assim, este estudo visou monitorar a
presença de agrotóxicos na área do PIX e confrontar suas concentrações com os
valores estabelecidos pela Portaria 2914 de 2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Para isso, foi
necessário realizar um levantamento dos principais cultivos agrícolas e dos agrotóxicos
utilizados no entorno do PIX para análise dos padrões de pesticidas. As amostragens
foram realizadas anualmente de março de 2017 a março 2018 com coletas de água em
variações espaciais envolvendo o interior da área indígena, seu limite com áreas de
produção agrícola e nas regiões de lavoura. Para determinação de fitossanitários em
água foi realizada primeiramente uma etapa de varredura utilizando a Microextração
Líquido-Líquido Dispersiva (DLLME) com determinação dos fitossanitários pela técnica
de LC-MS-MS. Após a otimização dos parâmetros foi realizado uma análise qualitativa
para os padrões dos agrotóxicos identificados no levantamento e junto com outros 40
princípios ativos com a finalidade de ampliar os padrões selecionados para o estudo.
Após essa etapa foi realizada uma análise direta com curvas de quantificação com
linearidade de 0,1-10 µg/L preparada em água do tipo I. As amostras também foram
submetidas ao Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) no Laboratório de Análise de
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Resíduos (LARP) para análise confirmatória. A análise por varredura detectou a
presença de atrazina e seu metabólito atrazina-desisopropila, azoxistrobina, carboxina,
pendimetalina e fipronil nas amostras de água em áreas de lavoura e dentro do PIX. A
análise quantitativa apresentou atrazina, fipronil-sulfona e sulfeto, carboxina e
azoxistrobina em diferentes concentrações. Já a análise confirmatória detectou as
substâncias atrazina, azoxistrobina, clomazona, epoxiconazol, iprovalicarbe,
metconazol, propiconazol, propoxur, tetraconazol, trifloxistrobina e tebuconazol. Esses
resultados indicam que há resíduos de agrotóxicos nas águas do Parque Indígena do
Xingu e estes provém das áreas de plantio adjacentes à área indígena.
The demand for food has driven growing agrochemicals in the areas of agricultural production. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides in crops is causing contamination of aquatic environments in adjacent areas, such as protected areas. Contamination by organic pollutants in protected areas has drawn the attention of researchers to monitoring environmental control and pollutant emissions, as these areas are of public interest not limited to the quality of natural resources, especially water. The Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX) is an indigenous land of socio-economic importance of the world socio-biodiversity and important environmental protagonist. In this case, it is located in a belt of agricultural activity that can cause changes in the quality of the natural resources of the Xingu Basin. The expansion of pesticide use in crop spraying activities is mechanized bordering the PIX. Although the Xingu Indigenous is an area of preservation of the national territory, there is no report on the monitoring of agrochemicals in the waters of the Xingu Basin. Thus, this study aims at the presence of pesticides in the PIX area and to confront the limit of theories established by Ordinance 2914 of 2011 of the Ministry of Health. For this, a research was carried out of the main agricultural and experimental programs in the context of the PIX for analysis of pesticide standards. The samples were forced annually from March 2017 to water glues in spatial bands involving the interior of the indigenous area, its boundary with production areas and in the farming regions. Thermetricised in water was installed the one stage of scanning using Liquid-Dispersive Liquid Extraction (DLLME) with the installation of the features of the LC-MS-MS technique. After the data was adhered, a qualitative analysis was published for standards of phytosanitary data without survey and together with other 40 active criteria with the largest of the sources selected for the study. After this step, a direct analysis with linearity quantification of 0.1-10 μg / L prepared in type I water was performed. The samples were also submitted to the Standard Operating Procedure (POP) at the Laboratory of Residual Analysis (LARP) . ) for confirmatory analysis. Scanning detected the presence of oxygen and its metabolite atrazine-desisopropyl, azoxystrobin, carboxin, pendimethalin and fipronil in the water samples in crop areas and within the PIX. A quantitative analysis showed atrazine, fipronil sulfone and sulfide, carboxin and azoxystrobin in different concentrations. Already an analysis has confirmed substances such as atrazine, azoxystrobin, clomazone, epoxiconazole, iprovalicarb, metconazole, propiconazole, propoxur, tetraconazole, trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole. The results indicate that there are residues of pesticides in the waters of the Xingu Indigenous Park and these originate the planting areas adjacent to the indigenous area
The demand for food has driven growing agrochemicals in the areas of agricultural production. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides in crops is causing contamination of aquatic environments in adjacent areas, such as protected areas. Contamination by organic pollutants in protected areas has drawn the attention of researchers to monitoring environmental control and pollutant emissions, as these areas are of public interest not limited to the quality of natural resources, especially water. The Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX) is an indigenous land of socio-economic importance of the world socio-biodiversity and important environmental protagonist. In this case, it is located in a belt of agricultural activity that can cause changes in the quality of the natural resources of the Xingu Basin. The expansion of pesticide use in crop spraying activities is mechanized bordering the PIX. Although the Xingu Indigenous is an area of preservation of the national territory, there is no report on the monitoring of agrochemicals in the waters of the Xingu Basin. Thus, this study aims at the presence of pesticides in the PIX area and to confront the limit of theories established by Ordinance 2914 of 2011 of the Ministry of Health. For this, a research was carried out of the main agricultural and experimental programs in the context of the PIX for analysis of pesticide standards. The samples were forced annually from March 2017 to water glues in spatial bands involving the interior of the indigenous area, its boundary with production areas and in the farming regions. Thermetricised in water was installed the one stage of scanning using Liquid-Dispersive Liquid Extraction (DLLME) with the installation of the features of the LC-MS-MS technique. After the data was adhered, a qualitative analysis was published for standards of phytosanitary data without survey and together with other 40 active criteria with the largest of the sources selected for the study. After this step, a direct analysis with linearity quantification of 0.1-10 μg / L prepared in type I water was performed. The samples were also submitted to the Standard Operating Procedure (POP) at the Laboratory of Residual Analysis (LARP) . ) for confirmatory analysis. Scanning detected the presence of oxygen and its metabolite atrazine-desisopropyl, azoxystrobin, carboxin, pendimethalin and fipronil in the water samples in crop areas and within the PIX. A quantitative analysis showed atrazine, fipronil sulfone and sulfide, carboxin and azoxystrobin in different concentrations. Already an analysis has confirmed substances such as atrazine, azoxystrobin, clomazone, epoxiconazole, iprovalicarb, metconazole, propiconazole, propoxur, tetraconazole, trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole. The results indicate that there are residues of pesticides in the waters of the Xingu Indigenous Park and these originate the planting areas adjacent to the indigenous area