Contribuição dos serviços ecossistêmicos das florestas urbanas na mitigação às mudanças climáticas: um estudo de caso na cidade de Santos - Brasil
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Data
2021-03-26
Autores
Pereira, Morian [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
O aumento das áreas de floresta urbana por meio de ações de plantio pode ser uma ação que auxilie na mitigação as mudanças climáticas. Entretanto, o foco da formulação de políticas climáticas urbanas permanece em medidas meramente técnicas, com o uso de tecnologias inovadoras, requisitos de composição de combustível, eficiência energética e ações que incentivam o uso de fontes renováveis de energia, sendo o potencial das florestas urbanas amplamente negligenciado pelos formuladores de políticas climáticas urbanas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do serviço ecossistêmico mitigador provido por um fragmento florestal urbano (3065 árvores) da cidade de Santos/SP - Brasil, utilizando o conjunto de modelos matemáticos i-Tree Eco para estimar o sequestro e armazenamento anual de CO2, além de valorar o serviço ecossistêmico prestado. Além disto, realizou-se previsões do comportamento do fragmento frente a cenários de não plantio (cenário 1), plantio de 100 árvores/ano (cenário 2) e plantio de 300 árvores/ano (cenário 3), durante os próximos 30 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que o fragmento apresenta diversidade de espécies moderada (H´ = 3,409) sendo 54% delas oriundas da América do Sul. Estimou-se que as árvores presentes neste estudo sequestram 114,61 toneladas de CO2 por ano e armazenam 1655,17 toneladas de CO2, representando um valor mensurado de R$ 259.043,91/ano e R$ 3.740.915,92 respectivamente, levando em consideração o Custo Social do Carbono Global. Com relação as previsões, apenas o cenário 3 (plantio de 300 árvores/ano) apresentou maior quantidade de indivíduos arbóreos (6638 árvores) pós 30 anos, entretanto apenas o cenário que não previu plantio (cenário 1) apresentou uma taxa menor de sequestro (110,87 TonCO2/ano) do que a inicial (114,61 TonCO2/ano). Este trabalho contribuiu veemente na discussão científica acerca do potencial mitigador das florestas urbanas frente as mudanças climáticas, provendo informações valiosas que podem auxiliar os formuladores de políticas ambientais na gestão climática e das florestas urbanas, reconhecendo que as árvores podem expressar valor monetário e corroborando a sua importância a sociedade, sendo isto um instrumento adicional as políticas ambientais.
The increase in urban forest areas through planting actions can be an action that helps mitigate climate change. However, the focus of the urban climate policies remains on purely technical measures, with the use of innovative technologies, fuel composition requirements, energy efficiency and actions that encourage the use of renewable energy sources, being the potential of forests advanced urban areas neglected by urban climate policy makers. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of the mitigating ecosystem service provided by an urban forest fragment (3065 trees) in the city of Santos / SP - Brazil, using the set of mathematical models i-Tree Eco to estimate the sequestration and annual CO2 storage, in addition to valuing the ecosystem service provided. In addition, the role of the fragment's behavior against non-planting scenarios (scenario 1), planting 100 trees / year (scenario 2) and planting 300 trees / year (scenario 3) during the next 30 years is defined. The results showed that the fragment has moderate species diversity (H´ = 3,409), 54% of which come from South America. It was estimated that the trees present in this study sequester 114.61 tons of CO2 per year and store 1655.17 tons of CO2, representing a measured value of R$ 259,043.91/year and R$ 3,740,915.92 respectively, taking into account the Social Cost of Global Carbon. Regarding the functions, only scenario 3 (planting 300 trees/year) with a higher number of trees (6638 trees) after 30 years, only only the scenario that did not provide for planting (scenario 1) with a lower rate of sequestration (scenario 1) 110.87 TonCO2/year) than the initial one (114.61 TonCO2/ year). This work contributed vehemently to the scientific discussion about the mitigating potential of urban forests in the face of climate change, providing valuable information that can assist environmental policy makers in managing climate and urban forests, recognizing that trees can express monetary value and corroborating their importance to society, this being an additional instrument to environmental policies.
The increase in urban forest areas through planting actions can be an action that helps mitigate climate change. However, the focus of the urban climate policies remains on purely technical measures, with the use of innovative technologies, fuel composition requirements, energy efficiency and actions that encourage the use of renewable energy sources, being the potential of forests advanced urban areas neglected by urban climate policy makers. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of the mitigating ecosystem service provided by an urban forest fragment (3065 trees) in the city of Santos / SP - Brazil, using the set of mathematical models i-Tree Eco to estimate the sequestration and annual CO2 storage, in addition to valuing the ecosystem service provided. In addition, the role of the fragment's behavior against non-planting scenarios (scenario 1), planting 100 trees / year (scenario 2) and planting 300 trees / year (scenario 3) during the next 30 years is defined. The results showed that the fragment has moderate species diversity (H´ = 3,409), 54% of which come from South America. It was estimated that the trees present in this study sequester 114.61 tons of CO2 per year and store 1655.17 tons of CO2, representing a measured value of R$ 259,043.91/year and R$ 3,740,915.92 respectively, taking into account the Social Cost of Global Carbon. Regarding the functions, only scenario 3 (planting 300 trees/year) with a higher number of trees (6638 trees) after 30 years, only only the scenario that did not provide for planting (scenario 1) with a lower rate of sequestration (scenario 1) 110.87 TonCO2/year) than the initial one (114.61 TonCO2/ year). This work contributed vehemently to the scientific discussion about the mitigating potential of urban forests in the face of climate change, providing valuable information that can assist environmental policy makers in managing climate and urban forests, recognizing that trees can express monetary value and corroborating their importance to society, this being an additional instrument to environmental policies.