Produção de nematoides em reatores aeróbicos de crescimento suspenso alimentados com flocos microbianos.
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Data
2017-12-13
Autores
Eloi, Dannilo Cunha [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Schveitzer, Rodrigo [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
A tecnologia de cultivo com bioflocos é um sistema de produção aquícola em que os microorganismos presentes na água controlam a amônia liberada pelas espécies cultivadas. O
crescimento desses micro-organismos ocorre na forma de agregados microbianos (bioflocos),
sendo estimulado pela adição de carbono orgânico na água. Uma fração dos bioflocos é
utilizada como alimento pelos organismos cultivados, mas o restante precisa ser retirado do
sistema para não prejudicar as espécies cultivadas. Uma estratégia que pode auxiliar no
melhor aproveitamento dos bioflocos é o uso do cultivo multitrófico integrado, que incorpora
espécies com diferentes níveis tróficos no sistema e permite a transformação de compostos
sólidos e nutrientes em biomassa. O objetivo deste projeto foi utilizar o floco microbiano
produzido em reatores aeróbicos através de solução nutriente sintética que simula o efluente
de um tanque de cultivo intensivo de camarões para produzir nematoides, como parte de um
sistema multitrófico integrado. Os nematoides são usados na aquicultura como alimento vivo
e muitas espécies não-parasitas alimentam-se de bactérias. O experimento consistiu em
cultivar nematoides em meio líquido dentro de um reator aeróbico alimentado diariamente
com flocos microbianos por 30 dias. Ao longo do experimento foram colhidas amostras do
reator para avaliar a biomassa em análises microscópicas. No dia 1 do experimento foram
contados 5,6 nematoides ml-1
coletados no campo, no dia 15 foram contados 1,98 indivíduos
ml-1
na amostra do reator e o experimento foi concluído contabilizando 2,46 nematoides ml-1
.
A quantidade de nematoides reduziu entre o primeiro e 15° dia de cultivo. Após esse período,
houve aumento na abundancia dos organismos indicando uma seleção inicial e um
crescimento de espécies mais adaptadas a partir desse momento. Durante as análises
microscópicas foram observados nematoides pequenos, o que sugere reprodução no reator.
Biofloc farming technology is an aquaculture production system in which the microorganisms present in the water control the ammonia released by the cultivated species. THE growth of these microorganisms occurs in the form of microbial aggregates (bioflocs), being stimulated by the addition of organic carbon in the water. A fraction of the bioflocs is used as food by cultivated organisms, but the remainder needs to be removed from the system so as not to harm cultivated species. A strategy that can assist in better use of bioflocs is the use of integrated multitrophic cultivation, which incorporates species with different trophic levels in the system and allows the transformation of compounds solids and nutrients in biomass. The objective of this project was to use the microbial flake produced in aerobic reactors through synthetic nutrient solution that simulates the effluent an intensive shrimp farming tank to produce nematodes as part of a integrated multitrophic system. Nematodes are used in aquaculture as live food and many non-parasitic species feed on bacteria. The experiment consisted of cultivate nematodes in liquid medium inside an aerobic reactor fed daily with microbial flakes for 30 days. Throughout the experiment, samples of the reactor to evaluate biomass in microscopic analysis. On day 1 of the experiment, 5.6 ml-1 nematodes counted collected in the field, on the 15th, 1.98 individuals were counted ml-1 in the reactor sample and the experiment was completed by counting 2.46 ml-1 nematodes . The number of nematodes decreased between the first and the 15th day of culture. After that period, there was an increase in the abundance of organisms indicating an initial selection and a growth of more adapted species from that moment on. During the analysis microscopic observations were made of small nematodes, which suggests reproduction in the reactor.
Biofloc farming technology is an aquaculture production system in which the microorganisms present in the water control the ammonia released by the cultivated species. THE growth of these microorganisms occurs in the form of microbial aggregates (bioflocs), being stimulated by the addition of organic carbon in the water. A fraction of the bioflocs is used as food by cultivated organisms, but the remainder needs to be removed from the system so as not to harm cultivated species. A strategy that can assist in better use of bioflocs is the use of integrated multitrophic cultivation, which incorporates species with different trophic levels in the system and allows the transformation of compounds solids and nutrients in biomass. The objective of this project was to use the microbial flake produced in aerobic reactors through synthetic nutrient solution that simulates the effluent an intensive shrimp farming tank to produce nematodes as part of a integrated multitrophic system. Nematodes are used in aquaculture as live food and many non-parasitic species feed on bacteria. The experiment consisted of cultivate nematodes in liquid medium inside an aerobic reactor fed daily with microbial flakes for 30 days. Throughout the experiment, samples of the reactor to evaluate biomass in microscopic analysis. On day 1 of the experiment, 5.6 ml-1 nematodes counted collected in the field, on the 15th, 1.98 individuals were counted ml-1 in the reactor sample and the experiment was completed by counting 2.46 ml-1 nematodes . The number of nematodes decreased between the first and the 15th day of culture. After that period, there was an increase in the abundance of organisms indicating an initial selection and a growth of more adapted species from that moment on. During the analysis microscopic observations were made of small nematodes, which suggests reproduction in the reactor.
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Citação
ELOI, Dannilo Cunha. Produção de nematoides em reatores aeróbicos de crescimento suspenso alimentados com flocos microbianos. 2017. 18f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2017.