Conhecimentos e Práticas de Nutricionistas Brasileiros Sobre o Papel da Nutrição em Cuidados Paliativos
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Data
2021-02-26
Autores
Nogueira, Letícia Bernardo [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Mattos, Emanuela Bezerra Torres [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
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Introdução: A partir do século XX houve um avanço exponencial das tecnologias na
área da saúde, além da transição demográfica e epidemiológica que contribuíram
para uma maior sobrevida da população. Aumentar o tempo de vida traz
implicações importantes aos profissionais que oferecem cuidado a pessoas com
doenças sem possibilidade de cura. Assim, a abordagem de cuidados paliativos
(CP) proposta pela Organização Mundial de Saúde deve ser ofertada desde o
diagnóstico, e aumentando gradativamente em prol das terapias convencionais na
medida que a doença evolui. O papel do nutricionista como integrante da equipe de
CP é central para as tomadas de decisão em relação a terapia nutricional junto a
equipe, paciente e família. Objetivo: Conhecer o papel da nutrição na prática clínica
de cuidados paliativos na perspectiva de nutricionistas brasileiros. Métodos:
Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal realizado com nutricionistas
atuantes na área da Nutrição Clínica, no território nacional. O estudo foi submetido
e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade
Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) sob o parecer no : 4.261.947. Todos os
participantes receberam o link de acesso ao formulário online disponibilizado por
meio da ferramenta Google Docs, contendo 31 questões. No início do formulário foi
disponibilizado o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) para que
fossem informados sobre os objetivos da pesquisa, bem como, os princípios éticos.
Aqueles que aceitaram colaborar deveriam preencher os seguintes critérios de
inclusão: ser nutricionista formado sem exigência de tempo mínimo; já ter atuado na
área clínica; aceitar colaborar com a pesquisa . Após a coleta de dados, todos os
dados foram analisados estaticamente. Resultados: A maioria dos respondentes
estão na região sudeste, se formaram a menos de 11 anos e tiveram pouco ou
nenhum contato com a temática na formação acadêmica. Grande parte dos
respondentes (49,5%) relataram insegurança para a tomada de decisão na prática
clínica e 32,6% não souberam reconhecer os princípios de cuidados paliativos.
Conclusão: O limitado ou inexistente acesso com a temática em cuidados paliativos
durante a formação acadêmica pode refletir na dificuldade e insegurança nas
tomadas de decisões desses profissionais. Além disso, pode favorecer o
adoecimento do profissional e sofrimento para o paciente e sua família. Dessa
forma, é imprescindível o aumento da produção científica na área e a inclusão do
assunto e/ou disciplina durante o processo de formação do profissional, para que o
nutricionista enquanto parte de uma equipe possa colaborar para o cuidado integral
aos pacientes sem possibilidade de cura.
Introduction: From the 20th century onwards, there was an exponential advance in technologies in the health area, in addition to the demographic and epidemiological transition that contributed to a greater survival of the population. Increasing the lifespan has important implications for professionals who provide care to people with diseases that cannot be cured. Thus, the palliative care (PC) approach proposed by the World Health Organization must be offered from the diagnosis, and gradually increase in favor of conventional therapies as the disease progresses. The role of the nutritionist as a member of the PC team is central to the decision making regarding nutritional therapy with the team, patient and family. Objective: To know the role of nutrition in the clinical practice of palliative care from the perspective of Brazilian nutritionists. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study carried out with nutritionists working in the field of Clinical Nutrition, in the national territory. The study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee with Human Beings of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) under opinion nº: 4,261,947. All participants received the link to access the online form made available through the Google Docs tool, containing 31 questions. At the beginning of the form, the Free and Informed Consent Form (ICF) was made available so that they were informed about the research objectives, as well as the ethical principles. Those who agreed to collaborate should meet the following inclusion criteria: be a trained nutritionist with no minimum time requirement; having already worked in the clinical area; accept to collaborate with the research. After data collection, all data were analyzed statically. Results: Most respondents are in the Southeast region, graduated less than 11 years ago and had little or no contact with the topic in academic training. Most respondents (49.5%) reported insecurity for decision making in clinical practice and 32.6% did not know how to recognize the principles of palliative care. Conclusion: The limited or non-existent access with the theme of palliative care during academic training may reflect the difficulty and insecurity in the decision-making of these professionals. In addition, it can favor the professional's illness and suffering for the patient and his family. Thus, it is essential to increase scientific production in the area and include the subject and / or discipline during the professional training process, so that the nutritionist, as part of a team, can collaborate for comprehensive care for patients with no possibility of cure
Introduction: From the 20th century onwards, there was an exponential advance in technologies in the health area, in addition to the demographic and epidemiological transition that contributed to a greater survival of the population. Increasing the lifespan has important implications for professionals who provide care to people with diseases that cannot be cured. Thus, the palliative care (PC) approach proposed by the World Health Organization must be offered from the diagnosis, and gradually increase in favor of conventional therapies as the disease progresses. The role of the nutritionist as a member of the PC team is central to the decision making regarding nutritional therapy with the team, patient and family. Objective: To know the role of nutrition in the clinical practice of palliative care from the perspective of Brazilian nutritionists. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study carried out with nutritionists working in the field of Clinical Nutrition, in the national territory. The study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee with Human Beings of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) under opinion nº: 4,261,947. All participants received the link to access the online form made available through the Google Docs tool, containing 31 questions. At the beginning of the form, the Free and Informed Consent Form (ICF) was made available so that they were informed about the research objectives, as well as the ethical principles. Those who agreed to collaborate should meet the following inclusion criteria: be a trained nutritionist with no minimum time requirement; having already worked in the clinical area; accept to collaborate with the research. After data collection, all data were analyzed statically. Results: Most respondents are in the Southeast region, graduated less than 11 years ago and had little or no contact with the topic in academic training. Most respondents (49.5%) reported insecurity for decision making in clinical practice and 32.6% did not know how to recognize the principles of palliative care. Conclusion: The limited or non-existent access with the theme of palliative care during academic training may reflect the difficulty and insecurity in the decision-making of these professionals. In addition, it can favor the professional's illness and suffering for the patient and his family. Thus, it is essential to increase scientific production in the area and include the subject and / or discipline during the professional training process, so that the nutritionist, as part of a team, can collaborate for comprehensive care for patients with no possibility of cure
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Citação
NOGUEIRA, Letícia Bernardo. Conhecimentos e Práticas de Nutricionistas Brasileiros Sobre o Papel da Nutrição em Cuidados Paliativos. 2021. 27f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Nutrição) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.