Desempenho inicial da pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) em associação com espécies adubadeiras perenes em um sistema agroflorestal
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Data
2020-10-21
Autores
Carvalho, Amara Gama [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Castanho, Camila de Toledo [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) apresentam grande potencial em relação ao uso
racional do solo como alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes químicos. A presença das
espécies de plantas adubadeiras, tradicionalmente implantadas nestes sistemas, provêm
fitomassa para cobertura e adubação do solo e têm papel importante para as espécies
consorciadas. Nos sistemas agroflorestais há diversos tipos de interações ecológicas
acontecendo, assim como ocorre em um cenário natural. O foco do presente trabalho é a
facilitação entre plantas em um sistema agroflorestal, interação ecológica que pressupõe
que uma planta facilitadora beneficia direta ou indiretamente outra planta. O objetivo
deste projeto foi comparar o desempenho inicial da espécie medicinal pitanga (Eugenia
uniflora L.) em um sistema agroflorestal em relação à presença das espécies adubadeiras
associadas a ela. Nossa hipótese é que plantas medicinais são facilitadas pelas plantas
adubadeiras tradicionalmente plantadas no sistema agroflorestal. Caso nossa hipótese seja
corroborada, esperamos encontrar maior sobrevivência e crescimento dos indivíduos de
pitanga nas parcelas com plantas adubadeiras em comparação às parcelas controle. Para
tanto, o desempenho da pitanga foi estudado no período de um ano através da comparação
do crescimento de indivíduos jovens em quatro tratamentos com adubadeiras de
diferentes espécies e um tratamento controle, que não continha as espécies adubadeiras
perenes. Adicionalmente, foram tomadas medidas microclimáticas em cada uma das
parcelas para nos auxiliar no entendimento do potencial mecanismo de facilitação das
espécies adubadeiras sobre a espécie medicinal. Os resultados indicaram efeito neutro das
adubadeiras sobre o crescimento da pitangueira, com exceção do efeito negativo da
adubadeira malvavisco (Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.) sobre o crescimento em diâmetro da
pitangueira. Em relação ao microclima, os resultados demonstraram que as condições
microclimáticas não foram afetadas pela presença das adubadeiras tanto antes quanto
depois do período de poda. Embora não haja nenhuma evidência de facilitação para a
pitangueira, este trabalho indicou viabilidade da implantação do SAF com as adubadeiras
de ciclo longo aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia
Hemsl) e urucum (Bixa orellana L.), já que os resultados sugerem ausência de efeito
negativo sobre a planta medicinal. No entanto, associações com a planta malvavisco
devem ser consideradas com mais cuidado, uma vez que encontramos evidência de que
esta adubadeira pode atrapalhar o crescimento da pitangueira. A continuidade do
monitoramento é importante para detecção de efeitos positivos ou negativos de longo
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prazo, conforme as plantas adubadeiras ganham mais biomassa e esta é incorporada ao
sistema.
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) have great potential in relation to the rational use of soil as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers. The presence of green manure wood species, traditionally implanted in these systems, provides phytomass for covering and fertilizing the soil and plays an important role for intercropped species. In agroforestry systems there are several types of ecological interactions taking place, as well as in a natural setting. The focus of the present work is the facilitation among plants in an agroforestry system, an ecological interaction in which a facilitating plant directly or indirectly benefits another plant. The objective of this project was to compare the productivity of the medicinal species pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) in an agroforestry system in relation to the presence of the fertilizer species associated with it.. Our hypothesis is that medicinal plants are facilitated by green manure species traditionally planted in the agroforestry system. If our hypothesis is corroborated, we expect to find greater survival and growth of pitanga individuals in the plots with green manure species compared to the control plots. Therefore, the performance of the pitanga was studied over a period of one year by comparing the growth of young individuals in four treatments with fertilizers of different species and a control treatment, which did not contain the perennial fertilizer species.. Additionally, microclimate measures were taken in each of the plots to help us to understand the potential facilitation mechanism behind the effect of green manure species on the medicinal plant. The results indicated a neutral effect of green manure species on the pitangueira growth, exception for the negative effect of the malvavisco (Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.) on the diameter growth of the pitangueira. In relation to microclimate, the results showed that the microclimatic conditions were not affected by the presence of green manure wood species both before and after the pruning period. Although there is no evidence of facilitation for the pitangueira, this work indicated the feasibility of implementing the SAF with the long cycle green manure wood species aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), daisy (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.), since the results suggest absence of negative effect on the medicinal plant. However, associations with the malvavisco plant should be considered more carefully, since we found evidence that this green manure species can hinder the pitangueira growth. The continuity of the monitoring is important to detect positive or negative effects of long-term, as the green manure plants species earn more biomass and this is incorporated into the system.
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) have great potential in relation to the rational use of soil as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers. The presence of green manure wood species, traditionally implanted in these systems, provides phytomass for covering and fertilizing the soil and plays an important role for intercropped species. In agroforestry systems there are several types of ecological interactions taking place, as well as in a natural setting. The focus of the present work is the facilitation among plants in an agroforestry system, an ecological interaction in which a facilitating plant directly or indirectly benefits another plant. The objective of this project was to compare the productivity of the medicinal species pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) in an agroforestry system in relation to the presence of the fertilizer species associated with it.. Our hypothesis is that medicinal plants are facilitated by green manure species traditionally planted in the agroforestry system. If our hypothesis is corroborated, we expect to find greater survival and growth of pitanga individuals in the plots with green manure species compared to the control plots. Therefore, the performance of the pitanga was studied over a period of one year by comparing the growth of young individuals in four treatments with fertilizers of different species and a control treatment, which did not contain the perennial fertilizer species.. Additionally, microclimate measures were taken in each of the plots to help us to understand the potential facilitation mechanism behind the effect of green manure species on the medicinal plant. The results indicated a neutral effect of green manure species on the pitangueira growth, exception for the negative effect of the malvavisco (Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.) on the diameter growth of the pitangueira. In relation to microclimate, the results showed that the microclimatic conditions were not affected by the presence of green manure wood species both before and after the pruning period. Although there is no evidence of facilitation for the pitangueira, this work indicated the feasibility of implementing the SAF with the long cycle green manure wood species aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), daisy (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl) and annatto (Bixa orellana L.), since the results suggest absence of negative effect on the medicinal plant. However, associations with the malvavisco plant should be considered more carefully, since we found evidence that this green manure species can hinder the pitangueira growth. The continuity of the monitoring is important to detect positive or negative effects of long-term, as the green manure plants species earn more biomass and this is incorporated into the system.