Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on fetal and placental development in an experimental model of placental insufficiency
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Data
2016
Autores
Guimaraes, Camila S. O.
Gomes, Bruno B. F.
Oliveira, Rafael A.
Yamamoto, Leandro R.
Rocha, Laura P.
Gloria, Maria A. [UNIFESP]
Machado, Juliana R.
Camara, Niels O. S. [UNIFESP]
Reis, Marlene A.
Correa, Rosana R. M.
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Objective: To elucidate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in pregnancies with placental insufficiency.Methods: Pregnant rats were subjected to uterine artery ligation and to TENS according to the following groups: ligated stimulated (LS); ligated non-stimulated (LN), control stimulated (CS); and control non-stimulated (CN). Fetal external measurements, such as crown-rump length (CRL), fronto-occipital distance (FOD), thoracic ventral-dorsal (TVDD) and abdominal ventral-dorsal (AVDD) distances were analyzed together with the area occupied by fetal internal organs. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in fetal organs. Thickness of junctional, labyrinth and intermediate placental zones was analyzed by morphometric evaluation in HE-stained slides, and placental hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alfa expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: In LN and CS groups compared to the CN group, CRL was reduced (27.51/28.95 versus 30.16mm), as well as FOD (6.63/6.63 versus 7.36mm), AVDD (7.38/8.00 versus 8.61mm) and TVDD (6.46/6.87 versus 7.23mm). Brain GLUT-1 expression was higher in LS (1.3%) and CS (1.8%). The area occupied by placental vessels in the labyrinth zone (29.673.51 versus 20.83 +/- 7.63) and intermediate zone (26.46 +/- 10.21 versus 10.86 +/- 8.94) was larger in the LS group than in the LN group.Conclusions: Our results suggest a negative effect of TENS on placental development, thus compromising the maintenance of adequate blood flow to the fetus.
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Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Abingdon, v. 29, n. 2, p. 283-289, 2016.