A atuação do BNDES na institucionalização do microcrédito no Brasil durante os governos FHC e Lula 1 (1995-2006)
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Data
2019-11-27
Autores
Barbosa, Mozart Luiz Mattoso Pinheiro [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Santos, Fábio Alexandre dos [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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A década de 80, no Brasil, foi marcada, entre outros fatores, por uma crescente hiperinflação ocasionada por sucessivos e fracassados planos econômicos. Por conta disso, foi considerada como a “década perdida”. Foi um período extremamente difícil para as famílias brasileiras de menor renda, que foram as maiores vítimas das altas nos preços. A partir da criação do Plano Real, em 1994, houve, enfim, certo controle desta inflação, a partir da implantação do Real, que baixou a inflação e trouxe estabilidade a este índice. Com a economia em melhores termos e um sistema bancário estruturado, o governo brasileiro passou a explorar com mais ênfase o instrumento de crédito às famílias de menor renda, a partir do final do mandato de Itamar Franco. Os dois presidentes seguintes, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) e Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva buscaram fomentar esta estratégia de concessão de crédito como forma de estimularem o mercado interno e até mesmo o desenvolvimento econômico e social brasileiro. Estas práticas estão associadas com um movimento de expansão desta ferramenta como medida socioeconômica ao redor do mundo a partir da segunda metade do século XX e do início das atividades do banco Grameen, na Índia. Portanto, o estudo em questão pretende estabelecer uma análise comparativa destas políticas de concessão de crédito no Brasil, analisando sua trajetória de institucionalização através do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento (BNDES). Para isso, este trabalho recorre à revisão bibliográfica e ao uso de dados para compreender o desenvolvimento das linhas de crédito destinadas a famílias de baixa renda e micro e pequenas empresas, denominado microcrédito. Desta forma, buscamos compreender a condução desta política no Brasil durante a virada do milênio, analisando suas diferenças e similaridades em dois momentos distintos: o Brasil das privatizações e abertura econômica no governo FHC (1995-2002) e o Brasil das políticas sociais do primeiro governo Lula (2003-2006). Buscamos fundamentalmente através deste trabalho demonstrar a evolução da concessão desta modalidade de crédito pelo governo de um país latino-americano, de forma a avaliar as correspondências na qualidade de vida de seus tomadores.
The decade of the 1980’s in Brazil was a period marked by hyperinflation, among other factors, caused by successive economic plans, which proved to be failures. Because of that, it is considered the “lost decade”. It was a period of extremely hard period for poor Brazilian families, who were victims of high prices. The control of high inflation came after the creation of the Plano Real, in 1994, with the arrival of the new Real currency, that decreased inflation and brought stability to this index. With the economy in better terms and a structured bank system, the Brazilian government started to explore with greater emphasis the tool of providing credit to poor families, from the end of the Itamar Franco administration. The two following presidents, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) and Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva promoted this strategy as a way of stimulating the internal Market and even economic and social development in Brazil. These practices are associated with a movement of expansion of this tool as socioeconomic measurement all over the world after the second half of the 20th century and the opening of the Grameen bank in India. Therefore, this study intends to stablish a comparative analysis of these policies of granting credit in Brazil, analyzing its trajectory of institutionalization through the National Bank of Development (BNDES). For this, this work includes a literature review and data to understand the development of these credit lines destined to low-income families and to small and micro enterprises, termed as microcredit. By doing so, we aim to comprehend the conduction of this policy in Brazil during the New Millennium, analyzing its differences and similarities in two distinct moments: the Brazil of the privatizations and economic openness during the FHC governments (1995-2002) and the Brazil of the social policies during the first Lula government (2003-2006). This work, consequently, aims to demonstrate the Evolution of the granting of this specific type of credit by the government of a Latin American country, evaluating the correspondences in the quality of life of its borrowers.
The decade of the 1980’s in Brazil was a period marked by hyperinflation, among other factors, caused by successive economic plans, which proved to be failures. Because of that, it is considered the “lost decade”. It was a period of extremely hard period for poor Brazilian families, who were victims of high prices. The control of high inflation came after the creation of the Plano Real, in 1994, with the arrival of the new Real currency, that decreased inflation and brought stability to this index. With the economy in better terms and a structured bank system, the Brazilian government started to explore with greater emphasis the tool of providing credit to poor families, from the end of the Itamar Franco administration. The two following presidents, Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) and Luis Inácio ‘Lula’ da Silva promoted this strategy as a way of stimulating the internal Market and even economic and social development in Brazil. These practices are associated with a movement of expansion of this tool as socioeconomic measurement all over the world after the second half of the 20th century and the opening of the Grameen bank in India. Therefore, this study intends to stablish a comparative analysis of these policies of granting credit in Brazil, analyzing its trajectory of institutionalization through the National Bank of Development (BNDES). For this, this work includes a literature review and data to understand the development of these credit lines destined to low-income families and to small and micro enterprises, termed as microcredit. By doing so, we aim to comprehend the conduction of this policy in Brazil during the New Millennium, analyzing its differences and similarities in two distinct moments: the Brazil of the privatizations and economic openness during the FHC governments (1995-2002) and the Brazil of the social policies during the first Lula government (2003-2006). This work, consequently, aims to demonstrate the Evolution of the granting of this specific type of credit by the government of a Latin American country, evaluating the correspondences in the quality of life of its borrowers.
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Citação
BARBOSA, Mozart Luiz Mattoso Pinheiro. A atuação do BNDES na institucionalização do microcrédito no Brasil durante os governos FHC e Lula 1 (1995-2006). Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Ciências Econômicas) - Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Osasco, 2019.