Comparação e análise do movimento de arremesso, com foco na precisão de crianças em diferentes faixas etárias
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Data
2017
Autores
Pereira, Gabriella Cristina Nogueira [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Camargo, Marcela Regina de [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
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Resumo
Introdução: A habilidade do arremesso envolve uma ação sequencial dos
segmentos corporais. Esse é um movimento balístico realizado pelo membro
superior, no qual o objetivo é lançar um objeto para fora do centro de massa do
corpo. Pode variar em relação à distância e à precisão e é dividido em três
fases: preparação, aceleração e desaceleração. Emerge por volta dos dois ou
três anos de vida, classificando-se em três estágios: inicial, elementar e
maduro. Este estudo justifica-se pela importância de compreender aspectos do
comportamento relacionados ao arremesso que servirão de base às atividades
funcionais e esportivas ao longo da vida. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho e
as estratégias motoras utilizadas por crianças durante o movimento de
arremesso no estágio elementar e maduro. Métodos: Trinta sujeitos típicos e
saudáveis, sendo 15 da faixa etária de 5 a 7 anos, 15 da faixa etária de 11 a 13
anos, e 15 adultos jovens de 18 a 25 anos, participaram do estudo. O protocolo
experimental consistiu na realização de 10 tentativas de arremesso de precisão
com uma bola de tênis em um alvo circular, posicionado há 3,0m do
participante. Essas tentativas foram filmadas e as fases de preparação e
aceleração do movimento foram analisadas através do software Dvideow®.
Foram quantificadas as regiões de acertos ao alvo e preenchida uma escala de
análise qualitativa do movimento de arremesso. As variáveis de desempenho
(acerto) e qualidade (estratégia) do movimento foram comparadas entre os
grupos. Além disso, um teste para avaliar em que ponto do estágio maduro os
adultos se encontravam também foi aplicado. Ainda, as variáveis acerto e
estratégia foram relacionadas entre si e ambas com as medidas
antropométricas, tanto para o grupo total, quanto para cada faixa etária.
Resultados: O desempenho dos adultos foi melhor que o dos préadolescentes, que por sua vez, foi melhor que o das crianças. A estratégia não
diferiu entre os grupos. A média de ambas as variáveis foram inferiores ao
escore esperado para a população adulta. Considerando a amostra como um
todo, as correlações significantes foram: forte para estatura versus acerto e
para massa corporal versus acerto, moderada para IMC versus estratégia e
fraca para estratégia versus acerto. Fragmentando a amostra em grupos,
houve correlação moderada para acerto versus estratégia na faixa etária de 11
a 13 anos e, também moderada para massa versus estratégia e IMC versus
estratégia na faixa etária de 5 a 7 anos. Conclusão: Conclui-se o desempenho
está associado com a faixa etária de modo que quanto maior a idade, melhor o
desempenho na tarefa de arremesso. Ainda, a amostra de adultos apresentou
um padrão de movimento de arremesso aquém do esperado para a idade e
fase motora e essa defasagem pode levar a prejuízos motores por toda a vida.
Além disso, houve correlações entre arremesso e medidas antropométricas,
que também devem ser levadas em consideração no estudo dessa habilidade
motora.
Introduction: The throw skill involves a body segments sequential action. This is a ballistic movement performed by the upper limb in which the object is to throw an object out of the body center of mass. It can vary in distance and accuracy and is divided into three phases: preparation, acceleration and deceleration. It emerges around two or three years of life, being classified in three stages: initial, elementary and mature. This study is justified by the importance to know throw-related aspects behavior that will serve as a basis for functional (and sporting) activities throughout life. Objectives: To evaluate the performance and motor strategies used by subjects during the throw movement in the elementary and mature stages. Methods: Thirty typical healthy children, 15 with 5 to 7 years, 15 with 11 to 13 years, and 15 young adults from 18 to 25 years of age participated in the study. The experimental protocol consisted in 10 precision throwing attempts with a tennis ball on a circular target, positioned 3.0m from the participant. These attempts were filmed and the stages of the movement preparation and acceleration were analyzed through the software Dvideow®. The targeting areas were quantified and a scale of the throwing movement qualitative analysis was completed. The variables of performance (goal) and quality (strategy) of the movement were compared between the groups. In addition, a test to assess the mature stage the adults were also applied. Still, the goal and strategy variables were correlated to each other and both with the anthropometric measures, for the total group, as well as for each age group. Results: Adults performance was better than pre-adolescents, which was better than children. The strategy did not differ between groups. The mean of both variables was lower than the expected adult population score. Considering the total sample, significant correlations were: strong for stature versus goal and for body mass versus goal, moderate for BMI versus strategy and weak for strategy versus goal. Fragmenting the sample into groups, there was a moderate correlation for success versus strategy in the age range 11 to 13 years old group and also moderate for mass versus strategy and BMI versus strategy in the age range 5 to 7 years old group. Conclusion: Performance is associated with age so older subjects are able to better performances in the throwing task. Also, the adult sample had a poorer movement pattern than expected for age and motor phase, and this delay may lead to life-long motor damage. In addition, there were correlations between throwing and anthropometric measurements, which should also be taken into account in this motor skill study
Introduction: The throw skill involves a body segments sequential action. This is a ballistic movement performed by the upper limb in which the object is to throw an object out of the body center of mass. It can vary in distance and accuracy and is divided into three phases: preparation, acceleration and deceleration. It emerges around two or three years of life, being classified in three stages: initial, elementary and mature. This study is justified by the importance to know throw-related aspects behavior that will serve as a basis for functional (and sporting) activities throughout life. Objectives: To evaluate the performance and motor strategies used by subjects during the throw movement in the elementary and mature stages. Methods: Thirty typical healthy children, 15 with 5 to 7 years, 15 with 11 to 13 years, and 15 young adults from 18 to 25 years of age participated in the study. The experimental protocol consisted in 10 precision throwing attempts with a tennis ball on a circular target, positioned 3.0m from the participant. These attempts were filmed and the stages of the movement preparation and acceleration were analyzed through the software Dvideow®. The targeting areas were quantified and a scale of the throwing movement qualitative analysis was completed. The variables of performance (goal) and quality (strategy) of the movement were compared between the groups. In addition, a test to assess the mature stage the adults were also applied. Still, the goal and strategy variables were correlated to each other and both with the anthropometric measures, for the total group, as well as for each age group. Results: Adults performance was better than pre-adolescents, which was better than children. The strategy did not differ between groups. The mean of both variables was lower than the expected adult population score. Considering the total sample, significant correlations were: strong for stature versus goal and for body mass versus goal, moderate for BMI versus strategy and weak for strategy versus goal. Fragmenting the sample into groups, there was a moderate correlation for success versus strategy in the age range 11 to 13 years old group and also moderate for mass versus strategy and BMI versus strategy in the age range 5 to 7 years old group. Conclusion: Performance is associated with age so older subjects are able to better performances in the throwing task. Also, the adult sample had a poorer movement pattern than expected for age and motor phase, and this delay may lead to life-long motor damage. In addition, there were correlations between throwing and anthropometric measurements, which should also be taken into account in this motor skill study
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Citação
PEREIRA, Gabriella Cristina Nogueira. Comparação e análise do movimento de arremesso, com foco na precisão de crianças em diferentes faixas etárias. 2017. 56 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Fisioterapia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade (ISS), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, 2017.