Satisfação corporal de adolescentes de escolas públicas do Município de Diadema - SP
Data
2018-04-17
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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INTRODUÇÃO: A construção da imagem corporal é formada a partir de um olhar multidimensional da percepção de formas, tamanhos e dos sentimentos que lhes são despertados, além da relação com o outro e o meio externo. Essas reflexões são particularmente importantes na adolescência, fase de transições fisiológicas e psicológicas, em que ocorre aumento da exigência interna, em resposta a pressões sociais, podendo desencadear dificuldades no convívio social e distúrbios psicológicos. A busca pelo corpo ideal pode levar o indivíduo a desempenhar comportamentos muitas vezes nocivos à saúde, como dietas restritivas, exercícios físicos exagerados e métodos purgativos. OBJETIVO: Analisar o grau de satisfação corporal de adolescentes e os fatores associados à percepção da imagem corporal. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento epidemiológico de corte transversal entre 4.180 estudantes do ensino fundamental II (2.438) e médio (1.742) de escolas públicas de Diadema – São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário de autopreenchimento e anônimo elaborado pelo grupo de pesquisa CEBRID contendo questões de múltipla escolha, já validado segundo sua confiabilidade em projeto piloto. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de insatisfação corporal foi a mesma para ambos os ensinos 57%, sendo que 38% gostariam de emagrecer e 19% gostariam de engordar. A variável raça, a percepção do adolescente sobre opinião do pai ou padrasto, opinião de amigos, receber críticas de amigos e deixar de frequentar lugares foram variáveis independentemente associadas à insatisfação corporal nos dois níveis escolares estudados. No ensino fundamental II, o ano de ensino, opinião da mãe ou madrasta e namorar também foram independentemente associadas à variável desfecho, assim como a opinião de irmãos ou parentes próximos, receber críticas dos pais e fazer atividade física foram importantes no ensino médio. CONCLUSÃO: A busca por silhuetas magras pode se justificar pela forte influência da mídia que interliga magreza como padrão de beleza, excluindo a variedade cultural. Logo, é importante trabalhar a conscientização e aceitação dos adolescentes sobre seus corpos de acordo com sua raça, cultura e histórico familiar para que não fiquem tão suscetíveis às influências da mídia. Sugere-se alertar, mobilizar e promover estratégias preventivas que contemplem os familiares e amigos, pois demonstraram ser peças fundamentais para os adolescentes, a fim de minimizar os efeitos negativos que acarretam a insatisfação com o corpo.
INTRODUCTION: The construction of the body image is formed from a multidimensional view of the perception of shapes, sizes and feelings that are awakened to them, as well as the relation with the others and the external environment. These reflections are particularly important in adolescence, the phase of physiological and psychological transitions, in which there is an increase in the internal demand, in response to social pressures, which can lead to difficulties in social interaction and psychological disturbances. The search for the ideal body can lead the individual to perform behaviors often harmful to health, such as restrictive diets, exaggerated physical exercises and purgative methods. OBJECTIVE: o analyze adolescent's degree of satisfation about their body image and possible associations with sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age, race, BMI, family and social relationships. METHODS: A cross - sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among 4,180 elementary school students (2,438) and average (1,742) from public schools in Diadema - São Paulo. The data were collected through an anonymous self-completion questionnaire elaborated by research group CEBRID containing multiple choice questions, already validated according to their reliability in a pilot project. RESULTS: he prevalence of body dissatisfaction was the same for both classes 57%, 38% would like to lose weight and 19% would like to gain weight. The race variable, adolescents 'perception of their father or stepfather's opinion, friends' opinions, criticism of friends, and failure to attend places were variable independently associated with body dissatisfaction at the two school levels studied. In elementary school II the teaching year, mother's or stepmother's opinion and dating were also independently associated with the outcome variable, as well as the opinion of siblings or close relatives, receiving criticism from parents and doing physical activity were important in high school. CONCLUSION: The search for thin silhouettes can be justified by the strong influence of the media that interconnects thinness as a pattern of beauty, excluding cultural variety. Therefore, it is important to work the adolescents' awareness and acceptance of their bodies according to their race, culture and family history so that the influences of the media are not so susceptible. It is suggested to alert, mobilize and promote preventive strategies that contemplate family and friends, since they have proved to be fundamental pieces for adolescents, in order to minimize the negative effects that cause dissatisfaction with the body.
INTRODUCTION: The construction of the body image is formed from a multidimensional view of the perception of shapes, sizes and feelings that are awakened to them, as well as the relation with the others and the external environment. These reflections are particularly important in adolescence, the phase of physiological and psychological transitions, in which there is an increase in the internal demand, in response to social pressures, which can lead to difficulties in social interaction and psychological disturbances. The search for the ideal body can lead the individual to perform behaviors often harmful to health, such as restrictive diets, exaggerated physical exercises and purgative methods. OBJECTIVE: o analyze adolescent's degree of satisfation about their body image and possible associations with sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age, race, BMI, family and social relationships. METHODS: A cross - sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among 4,180 elementary school students (2,438) and average (1,742) from public schools in Diadema - São Paulo. The data were collected through an anonymous self-completion questionnaire elaborated by research group CEBRID containing multiple choice questions, already validated according to their reliability in a pilot project. RESULTS: he prevalence of body dissatisfaction was the same for both classes 57%, 38% would like to lose weight and 19% would like to gain weight. The race variable, adolescents 'perception of their father or stepfather's opinion, friends' opinions, criticism of friends, and failure to attend places were variable independently associated with body dissatisfaction at the two school levels studied. In elementary school II the teaching year, mother's or stepmother's opinion and dating were also independently associated with the outcome variable, as well as the opinion of siblings or close relatives, receiving criticism from parents and doing physical activity were important in high school. CONCLUSION: The search for thin silhouettes can be justified by the strong influence of the media that interconnects thinness as a pattern of beauty, excluding cultural variety. Therefore, it is important to work the adolescents' awareness and acceptance of their bodies according to their race, culture and family history so that the influences of the media are not so susceptible. It is suggested to alert, mobilize and promote preventive strategies that contemplate family and friends, since they have proved to be fundamental pieces for adolescents, in order to minimize the negative effects that cause dissatisfaction with the body.
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Citação
BARISON, Luiza Nascimento. Satisfação corporal de adolescentes de escolas públicas do Município de Diadema - SP. 2018. 101 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018.