Amphetamine-induced rapid-onset sensitization: Role of novelty, conditioning and behavioral parameters
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2006-04-01
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Nascimento Alvarez, J. do
Fukushiro, D. F.
Obara Tatsu, J. A.
Pereira de Carvalho, E.
Castro Gandolfi, A. C. de
Tsuchiya, J. B.
Carrara-Nascimento, P. F.
Lima, M. L.
Gentil Bellot, R.
Frussa-Filho, R.
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Background: Environmental factors may modulate sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of psychostimulants. in addition, some parameters of locomotor activity seem to be more sensitive to detect cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. We examined how novelty and conditioning can modulate a previously described rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine (AMP) in mice, using total, peripheral and central open-field locomotion frequencies as experimental parameters.Methods: in the first experiment, mice received an ip injection of saline (SAL) or 5.0 mg/kg AMP paired or not with the open-field or in their home-cages. Four hours later, all the animals received an ip SAL challenge injection and, 15 min later, were observed in the open-field for quantification of total, peripheral and central locomotion frequencies. the second experiment had a similar protocol, except that mice received a challenge injection of 1.5 mg/kg AMP.Results: the priming AMP injection significantly increased all the parameters of locomotion of SAL-challenged mice firstly exposed to or previously paired (but not impaired) with the open-field. AMP priming injection enhanced total and peripheral locomotion of all AMP-challenged mice but only increased central locomotion of mice submitted to novelty or environmental conditioning.Conclusion: Our results showed: 1) the development of an AMP-induced rapid-onset sensitization to novelty and rapid-onset environmental conditioning in mice, 2) the potentiation of the AMP-induced rapid-onset sensitization to an AMP challenge injection by novelty and environmental conditioning and 3) the importance of measuring different locomotor activity parameters in behavioral sensitization experiments. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. Oxford: Pergamon-Elsevier B.V., v. 83, n. 4, p. 500-507, 2006.