Avaliação prospectiva da ocorrência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares em cuidadores de pacientes crônicos da cidade de Maringá, Paraná
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Data
2008
Autores
Burkle, Alessandra Benatti [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Neder, José Alberto [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Objetivos: Verificar a freqüência referida de fatores de risco cardiovascular,
notadamente a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, de cuidadores de pacientes crônicos do
município de Maringá, Paraná, comparativamente à observada em controles pareados
por idade. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com delineamento transversal envolvendo 146
controles e 78 cuidadores, de ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 40 anos. Foram
coletados dados referentes às condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e doenças
pré-existentes. Foi avaliada a pressão arterial, estatura, massa corporal, circunferência
da cintura e quadril. Para análise estatística dos dados utilizou-se os testes t-Student
para amostras independentes, Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher quando aplicáveis.
Também foi calculado a odds ratio (OR) para definir a associação entre a hipertensão
arterial e os demais fatores de risco cardiovascular, com intervalo de confiança (IC) de
95%. O nível de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Houve predomínio de
mulheres (58,9% no grupo controle e 82,1% no cuidador) com média de idade de 59
(±10,7) e 56 (±12,42) anos nos grupos controle e cuidador respectivamente. Eram
brancos 63% e 66,7%, tinham escolaridade referente ao ensino fundamental 50,7% e
60,2%, referiram renda familiar em torno de 3 a 10 salários mínimos 42% e 53,8% e
referiram história familiar para doenças cardiovasculares 60% e 64,1% para os grupos
controle e cuidador respectivamente. Observou-se que o grupo controle foi
estatisticamente mais idoso, com maior circunferência da cintura e razão cintura/quadril
do que o grupo cuidador, ao passo que as médias das pressões arteriais sistólicas e
diastólicas e o índice de massa corporal não foram diferentes. Foram encontradas
freqüências de 29% e 37% de hipertensão arterial relatada, 6% e 9% de doença
cardíaca, 8% e 4% de doença pulmonar, 13% e 9% de diabete melito, 69% e 73% de
sedentarismo, 75% e 86% de alcoolismo nos grupos controle e cuidador
respectivamente. Testando-se a associação das variáveis entre os grupos, não houve
diferença entre eles. Em relação à associação entre hipertensão arterial referida e os
fatores de risco cardiovascular, observou-se que o relato de colesterol elevado se
apresentou fortemente associado em ambos os grupos (OR = 2,4; IC 95% = 1,06-5,27;
p = 0,0322 no grupo controle e OR = 3,16; IC 95% = 1,04-9,56; p = 0,0368 no cuidador). A hipertensão arterial também se relacionou positivamente, somente no
grupo controle, com a circunferência da cintura (OR = 3,35; IC95% = 0,65-5,21; p =
0,0014) e com a razão cintura/quadril (OR = 2,5; IC95% = 0,707-7,01; p = 0,0285). Não
houve correlação entre hipertensão arterial referida e freqüência de tabagismo,
alcoolismo e sedentarismo na amostra estudada. Conclusões: A ocorrência de fatores
de risco cardiovascular não foi maior em cuidadores crônicos comparativamente aos
controles. Independentemente da condição de cuidador ou não, a freqüência de relato
de hipertensão arterial foi alto, portanto deve ser valorizado epidemiologicamente na
predição de risco cardiovascular aumentado.
Objectives: To check the referred frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, notably the systemic arterial hypertension, in caregivers of chronic patients from the city of Maringá, Paraná, comparatively to observed in controls equaled by age. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional design study, with 146 people in control group and 78 in caregivers, of both sex and minimum age of 40 years old. Data of the socioeconomic conditions, demographics, life style and pre-existent diseases were collected. The arterial pressure, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. For the statistic analysis of the data it was used the t-Student test, Q-square test or Fisher Exact test, where applicable. The odds ratio (OR) were also calculated in order to define the association between the arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The adopted level of significance was p<0,05. Results: There was a predominance of women (58.9% in the control group and 82.1% in the caregivers) and the mean age was 59 (±10.7) and 56 (±12.42) years old in the control and caregivers groups, respectively. 63% and 66.7% were white, 50.7% and 60.2%, had finished and unfinished school degree, 42% and 53.8% reported a familiar income between 3 and 10 minimum wages, and 60% and 64.1% reported a familiar history for cardiovascular diseases, for the control and caregivers groups, respectively. The control group was statistically more elderly, with a larger waist circumference and ratio waist/hip than the caregivers group, while the average arterial systolic and diastolic pressure and body mass index were similar. Frequencies of 29% and 37% of referred arterial hypertension, 6% and 9% of cardiac disease, 8% and 4% of pulmonary disease, 13% and 9% of diabetes mellitus, 69% and 73% of sedentary lifestyle, 75% and 86% of alcohol consumption were found in the control and caregivers groups, respectively. Regarding the association between the referred arterial hypertension and the cardiovascular risk factors, the referred high cholesterol was associated in both groups (OR = 2.4; CI 95% = 1.06-5.27; p = 0.0322 in the control group and OR = 3.16; CI 95% = 1.04-9.56; p = 0.0368 in the caregivers group). The arterial hypertension was also positively associated, only in the control group, with the waist circumference (OR = 3.35; CI 95% = 0.65-5.21; p = 0.0014) and with ratio waist/hip (OR = 2.5; CI 95% = 0.707-7.01; p = 0.0285). No correlations were found among arterial hypertension and smoking habit frequency, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle in the studied sample. Conclusions: The occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors was not larger in caregivers comparatively to the controls. Independently of caregiver's condition or not, the report of arterial hypertension was high and should be valued epidemiologically in the prediction of increased cardiovascular risk.
Objectives: To check the referred frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, notably the systemic arterial hypertension, in caregivers of chronic patients from the city of Maringá, Paraná, comparatively to observed in controls equaled by age. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional design study, with 146 people in control group and 78 in caregivers, of both sex and minimum age of 40 years old. Data of the socioeconomic conditions, demographics, life style and pre-existent diseases were collected. The arterial pressure, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. For the statistic analysis of the data it was used the t-Student test, Q-square test or Fisher Exact test, where applicable. The odds ratio (OR) were also calculated in order to define the association between the arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The adopted level of significance was p<0,05. Results: There was a predominance of women (58.9% in the control group and 82.1% in the caregivers) and the mean age was 59 (±10.7) and 56 (±12.42) years old in the control and caregivers groups, respectively. 63% and 66.7% were white, 50.7% and 60.2%, had finished and unfinished school degree, 42% and 53.8% reported a familiar income between 3 and 10 minimum wages, and 60% and 64.1% reported a familiar history for cardiovascular diseases, for the control and caregivers groups, respectively. The control group was statistically more elderly, with a larger waist circumference and ratio waist/hip than the caregivers group, while the average arterial systolic and diastolic pressure and body mass index were similar. Frequencies of 29% and 37% of referred arterial hypertension, 6% and 9% of cardiac disease, 8% and 4% of pulmonary disease, 13% and 9% of diabetes mellitus, 69% and 73% of sedentary lifestyle, 75% and 86% of alcohol consumption were found in the control and caregivers groups, respectively. Regarding the association between the referred arterial hypertension and the cardiovascular risk factors, the referred high cholesterol was associated in both groups (OR = 2.4; CI 95% = 1.06-5.27; p = 0.0322 in the control group and OR = 3.16; CI 95% = 1.04-9.56; p = 0.0368 in the caregivers group). The arterial hypertension was also positively associated, only in the control group, with the waist circumference (OR = 3.35; CI 95% = 0.65-5.21; p = 0.0014) and with ratio waist/hip (OR = 2.5; CI 95% = 0.707-7.01; p = 0.0285). No correlations were found among arterial hypertension and smoking habit frequency, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle in the studied sample. Conclusions: The occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors was not larger in caregivers comparatively to the controls. Independently of caregiver's condition or not, the report of arterial hypertension was high and should be valued epidemiologically in the prediction of increased cardiovascular risk.
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Citação
BURKLE, Alessandra Benatti. Avaliação prospectiva da ocorrência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em cuidadores de pacientes crônicos da cidade de Maringá, Paraná. 2008. 99f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Fisiologia do Exercício) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008.