O dom e a técnica: o cuidado a velhos asilados
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Arquivos
Data
2008
Autores
Barbieri, Natália Alves [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Sarti, Cynthia Andersen [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como tema central as representações de velhice,
envelhecimento e cuidado para profissionais que trabalham numa instituição asilar
para idosos. As representações são entendidas como inerentes à prática de
cuidado, sendo esta considerada um fenômeno relacional abordado pelos papéis
exercidos por ambos protagonistas: aquele que cuida e aquele que é cuidado. Após
revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema foi realizado um estudo de caso etnográfico numa
instituição asilar no Município de São Paulo. Foram sujeitos desta pesquisa todos os
profissionais da instituição, pois o cuidado permeia todas as instâncias do serviço,
não se restringindo à enfermagem. O trabalho de campo foi realizado através de
observação participante e entrevistas. A análise e metodologia foram orientadas
pela articulação entre a Psicanálise e a Antropologia Social, que se encontram na
área da Saúde Coletiva ao considerar os fenômenos humanos e sociais a partir de
registros simbólicos, que ordenam o mundo a partir de significados, atribuídos por
regras sociais. Após descrição do campo da pesquisa, os dados foram analisados
em três grandes temas: (1) o trabalho e as relações institucionais; (2) designações e
concepções de velho, velhice e envelhecimento e (3) o cuidado institucional: o dom
e a técnica. A estrutura da instituição, baseada nos modelos caridoso e biomédico
de atendimento, revelou-se um ponto crucial para a prática de cuidado aos idosos,
por pressupor o saber e o dom (como dádiva) apenas aos profissionais, mantendo o
idoso como alguém desamparado e que necessita de ajuda. O uso de termos
“politicamente corretos” contribui para afastar o profissional do contato com a
velhice do morador, como se o velho não existisse na instituição. O trabalho de
campo permitiu lançar novos olhares para as questões levantadas na revisão
bibliográfica, propor caminhos e sugestões para outros estudos que possam
contribuir para enfrentar os inúmeros desafios relativos à assistência aos idosos
como problemas de saúde pública.
The central subject of the present work is the representation of the third age, aging and the care to be taken by professionals, who work in homes for the aged. The way of representing the concerned subject is understood as inherent to the proper caring, considering it a phenomenon of the relationship between both protagonists: the one who cares and the one is being cared of. After the textual research on the topic, an ethnological case study was carried out in a home in the city of São Paulo. Subjects of this research were all professionals involved in the institution, since the caring permeates all levels of institutional services, not being limited to the nursing alone. As part of the field work, interviews were conducted along with participant observation. Analysis and methodology were based on the articulation between psychoanalysis and social anthropology, as found in the area of collective health as regards to the human and social phenomenon based on symbolic registries, which organize the world according to significations, attributes defined by social rules. Following the description of the field work, the collected data was analysed in three large themes: (1) work and institutional relations; (2) designations and conceptions of the aged, the third age and the aging process and (3) the institutional caring: gift and method. The organizational structure of the institution, based on charitable and biomedical assistance, turned out to be a crucial aspect for the caring of the aged, by associating knowledge and gift (as a given talent) uniquely with the professionals, while considering the elderly person as someone helpless, needy of assistance. The use of “politically correct” terms contributes to the gap between the professional and the third age of the resident, as if the elderly persons themselves were not present in the institution. This field work shed light on questions raised in the textual inquiry, opening paths and suggestions for further studies that could aid to confront the innumerable challenges related to the caring of the aged as a public health problem.
The central subject of the present work is the representation of the third age, aging and the care to be taken by professionals, who work in homes for the aged. The way of representing the concerned subject is understood as inherent to the proper caring, considering it a phenomenon of the relationship between both protagonists: the one who cares and the one is being cared of. After the textual research on the topic, an ethnological case study was carried out in a home in the city of São Paulo. Subjects of this research were all professionals involved in the institution, since the caring permeates all levels of institutional services, not being limited to the nursing alone. As part of the field work, interviews were conducted along with participant observation. Analysis and methodology were based on the articulation between psychoanalysis and social anthropology, as found in the area of collective health as regards to the human and social phenomenon based on symbolic registries, which organize the world according to significations, attributes defined by social rules. Following the description of the field work, the collected data was analysed in three large themes: (1) work and institutional relations; (2) designations and conceptions of the aged, the third age and the aging process and (3) the institutional caring: gift and method. The organizational structure of the institution, based on charitable and biomedical assistance, turned out to be a crucial aspect for the caring of the aged, by associating knowledge and gift (as a given talent) uniquely with the professionals, while considering the elderly person as someone helpless, needy of assistance. The use of “politically correct” terms contributes to the gap between the professional and the third age of the resident, as if the elderly persons themselves were not present in the institution. This field work shed light on questions raised in the textual inquiry, opening paths and suggestions for further studies that could aid to confront the innumerable challenges related to the caring of the aged as a public health problem.
Descrição
Citação
BARBIERI, Natália Alves. O Dom e a Técnica: o cuidado a velhos asilados. 2008. 215 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008.