Fábrica de corpos: Um estudo etnográfico sobre as relações entre corpo e poder na Fundição Tupy
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Arquivos
Data
2012
Autores
Castro, Odilon [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A construção dessa dissertação divide-se em dois momentos. O primeiro quando estive trabalhando como operário na Fundição Cofap / Tupy por quase quatro anos e relatei esta experiência no “Diário da Fábrica”. E o segundo momento, dez anos após a experiência do trabalho operário, quando eu estava novamente nos portões da fábrica
com o meu caderno de campo realizando uma pesquisa etnográfica. Em ambos os diários: um a-disciplinado e outro disciplinado, observei que as indagações suscitadas por mim, mas principalmente pelos meus observados, giravam em torno do corpo e das metáforas corporais, como fiz ressaltar em diversas partes desta dissertação. A ideia do desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi fazer a ciência social dos operários da Fundição Tupy. Sendo assim, efetuei uma aproximação etnográfica a fábrica, indagando as concepções de corpo dos trabalhadores e verificando as relações de poder nas quais estão inseridos. Constatei a partir da sistematização de discussões desenvolvidas por autores das ciências humanas que houve um grande salto tecnológico no universo fabril, inserindo-se e desenvolvendo-se nas relações de trabalho, de produção do capital, e por que não dizer, na subjetividade do trabalhador. O fordismo e o taylorismo não são únicos e mesclam-se com outros processos produtivos, entre eles o toyotismo. Consignei que a flexibilidade da força do trabalho no Brasil está relacionada com essas novas tecnologias, menos fechadas e mais dispersas, mas que continuam apresentando como alvo, mesmo que de maneiras diferentes, o corpo humano: um campo de domesticação e de rebeldia. A partir das narrativas dos meus interlocutores: trabalhadores e ex. trabalhadores da Fundição Tupy, pude alcançar nessa pesquisa dois tipos de corpos, num só corpo: o corpo quebrado e o corpo que escapa nos encontros
diários com o poder.
This dissertation deals with the concepts of the body of the factory workers Tupy Foundry. At first, I describe the factory from inside, drawing on the experience I had when I was working as a laborer at the Foundry Cofap / Tupy for almost four years. I reported this experience in a diary, used to describe the factory’s outlines and everyday events. Secondly, after ten years of operative work experience, I report when I was again at the back at the factory gates with my field notebook, this time doing an ethnographic research, and writing my "field diary". In both diaries, non-disciplined and the other one disciplined, I noticed that the questions raised by me, but mostly for my observed ones, revolved around the body and bodily metaphors. The body was central to my interlocutors. Since anthropology is the attempt to make the social science of the observed, as Levi-Strauss wanted, I took seriously the narratives and formulations on the body of the foundry Tupy workers. Thus, I performed an ethnographic approach in the factory, questioning the workers concepts of the body and checking the power relations in which they live. By the systematization of discussions held by authors of the humanities, I noticed that there was a major technological leap in the factory universe, which is inserting and extending itself in labor relations, in capital production and in the subjectivity of the workers. Fordism and Taylorism are not unique and mingle with other processes, including the Toyotism. I mentioned that the flexibility of the labor force in Brazil is related to these new technologies, less closed and more spread, but still presenting as a target, even though in different ways, the human body: a field of domestication and rebellion. From the narratives of my interlocutors: workers and ex workers of Tupy foundry, I could achieve in this research two types of experiments with bodies: the "broken body" and the "body that escapes."
This dissertation deals with the concepts of the body of the factory workers Tupy Foundry. At first, I describe the factory from inside, drawing on the experience I had when I was working as a laborer at the Foundry Cofap / Tupy for almost four years. I reported this experience in a diary, used to describe the factory’s outlines and everyday events. Secondly, after ten years of operative work experience, I report when I was again at the back at the factory gates with my field notebook, this time doing an ethnographic research, and writing my "field diary". In both diaries, non-disciplined and the other one disciplined, I noticed that the questions raised by me, but mostly for my observed ones, revolved around the body and bodily metaphors. The body was central to my interlocutors. Since anthropology is the attempt to make the social science of the observed, as Levi-Strauss wanted, I took seriously the narratives and formulations on the body of the foundry Tupy workers. Thus, I performed an ethnographic approach in the factory, questioning the workers concepts of the body and checking the power relations in which they live. By the systematization of discussions held by authors of the humanities, I noticed that there was a major technological leap in the factory universe, which is inserting and extending itself in labor relations, in capital production and in the subjectivity of the workers. Fordism and Taylorism are not unique and mingle with other processes, including the Toyotism. I mentioned that the flexibility of the labor force in Brazil is related to these new technologies, less closed and more spread, but still presenting as a target, even though in different ways, the human body: a field of domestication and rebellion. From the narratives of my interlocutors: workers and ex workers of Tupy foundry, I could achieve in this research two types of experiments with bodies: the "broken body" and the "body that escapes."
Descrição
Citação
CASTRO, Odilon. Fábrica de corpos: Um estudo etnográfico sobre as relações entre corpo e poder na Fundição Tupy. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2012.