Navegando por Palavras-chave "stigma"

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    Categories That Should Be Removed From Mental Disorders Classifications: Perspectives and Rationales of Clinicians From Eight Countries
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-03-01) Robles, Rebeca; Fresan, Ana; Elena Medina-Mora, Maria; Sharan, Pratap; Roberts, Michael C.; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Matsumoto, Chihiro; Maruta, Toshimasa; Gureje, Oye; Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Jose; Xiao, Zeping; Reed, Geoffrey M.; Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon de la Fuente Muniz; All India Inst Med Sci; Univ Kansas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tokyo Med Univ; Univ Ibadan; Univ Autonoma Madrid; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ; WHO
    ObjectiveTo explore the rationales of mental health professionals (mainly psychiatrists and psychologists) from 8 countries for removing specific diagnostic categories from mental disorders classification systems.MethodAs part of a larger study, 505 participants indicated which of 60 major disorders should be omitted from mental disorders classification systems and provided rationales. Rationale statements were analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe majority of clinicians (60.4%) indicated that 1 or more disorders should be removed. the most common rationales were (a) problematic boundaries between normal and psychopathological conditions (45.9% of total removal recommendations), (b) problematic boundaries among mental disorders (25.4%), and (c) problematic boundaries between mental and physical disorders (24.0%). the categories most frequently recommended for deletion were gender identity disorder, sexual dysfunction, and paraphilias, usually because clinicians viewed these categories as being based on stigmatization of a way of being and behaving. A range of neurocognitive disorders were described as better conceptualized as nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Results were analyzed by country and country income level. Although gender identity disorder was the category most frequently recommended for removal overall, clinicians from Spain, India, and Mexico were most likely to do so and clinicians from Nigeria and Japan least likely, probably because of social and systemic factors that vary by country. Systematic differences in removal rationales by country income level may be related to the development, structure, and functioning of health systems.ConclusionImplications for development and dissemination of the classification of mental and behavioral disorders in WHO's ICD-11 are discussed.
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    Community perception of mental disorders - A systematic review of Latin American and Caribbean studies
    (Dr Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, 2004-12-01) Peluso, E. D.; Blay, S. L.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background Little is known about the perception of mental disorders and stigma in developing countries. the aim of this study was to review the literature on popular perception of mental disorders in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods Electronic search was made on Medline and Lilacs for original articles published from January 1980 to December 2001, using public attitudes and mental disorders as key words on Medline and attitudes about health as well as stigma as key words on Lilacs. in addition, a manual search was conducted in the references of the articles obtained in the electronic search and in area periodicals. Results the search produced 871 articles, ten of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Attitudes in relation to the mentally ill are predominantly positive, especially among individuals with a higher educational or socioeconomic level. Schizophrenia is the condition most often identified as mental illness and considered the most serious affliction. Depression and alcoholism are identified as mental illnesses by a smaller portion of the population. the community mostly recommends treatment with health professionals. Conclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is a tendency to share the beliefs of the western medical model and few signs of the presence of elements from traditional medicine or religion. However, the studies exhibited various methodological gaps and problems. New studies, using more appropriate methodology, should be carried out in this region.
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    Criança em situação de fracasso escolar: diferentes relatos de um caso
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-09-15) Santos, Jason Gomes Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Gualtieri, Regina Candida Ellero [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The school as we know today ? a recent phenomenon in the history of humanity and important for the universalization of education ? has guaranteed that increasingly more people could become literate and have access to the set of knowledge that is socially valued. However, since its origin, the school has had to deal with students that do not learn in the expected way and term, and has continuously sought solutions for this problem. In the Brazilian context, in spite of the formulation and implementation of educational policies aimed at dealing with school failure, learning problems persist, together with a strong tendency to deem the student and/or their family responsible for the poor performance. Based on the concepts of ?stigma? formulated by Goffman (2004; 2002; 1974), and ?social representations? by Moscovici (2007), the aim of this research is to analyze what is revealed by school failure when institutional assertions that regard the student as responsible for the failure are confronted with familial assertions that, in a way, point out the child?s potential that is not appraised in the school. The objective was to develop some propositions for a better understanding of the failure issue. For the development of this research, an analysis was conducted on the discourse of educators of a sate school in the city of São Paulo concerning the learning process of one student, who was pointed out by the administrators as what they consider a representation of learning difficulties and inappropriate behavior. Further analysis was conducted on the discourse of the father and the child, a nine-year-old boy in the fourth grade. Data production included interviews, field observation ? in the school and at home. When the discourses were confronted, the observation was that, even though there is potential, abilities and competence for the failing child to overcome this situation, the strength of social representations and stigmas taken in the educational context override the child?s daily history. Not only does this condition suppress the child?s abilities, but it also leads the child to assume the negative character attributed to him.
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    Implicações da relação entre estigma internalizado e suporte social para a saúde: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
    (Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014-03-01) Ferreira, Gabriela Correia Lubambo; Silveira, Pollyanna Santos Da; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Ronzani, Telmo Mota; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Considering the negative impact of the internalization of stigma for the life of an individual, and the possible protective characteristics of social support for coping with the condition, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature about the relationship between internalized stigma and social support, and its implications for health. Searches were conducted in PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The sample consisted of 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results showed evidence of a negative relationship between internalized stigma and social support, presenting social support as a possible coping strategy for internalized stigma, highlighting its protective effect to mitigate the negative consequences of stressful events on physical and psychological well-being.
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    The interaction between axes of inequality in studies on discrimination, stigma and HIV/AIDS: Contributions to the recent international literature
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013-05-01) Monteiro, Simone S.; Villela, Wilza Vieira [UNIFESP]; Soares, Priscilla S.; Oswaldo Cruz Fdn Fiocruz; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review in order to identify how recent studies have addressed the interaction between social inequality and the processes of exclusion and marginalisation related to HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. the review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases and included publications from 2008 to 2011. of 497 summaries found in the review, 42 were selected and classified based on topic, population, axes of inequality employed, conceptualisation of stigma and relationship between stigma and vulnerability. Results demonstrated that there is a predominance of research on stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS, sexual and racial/ethnic minorities and migrants. the axes of inequality examined in the literature were linked to specific cultural and socio-economic dimensions and analysed as factors that behave synergistically to increase social groups' vulnerability to HIV. Half of the 42 articles viewed expression of stigma/discrimination to be the result of power dynamics that reinforce the processes of social exclusion. the other half of the articles tended to describe stigma as intrinsic to social interaction. Some researchers are making a visible effort to devise consistent theoretical and methodological approaches in order to understand stigma as a complex social process produced at the intersection of different axes of inequality. These efforts provide vital information that can inform how best to address HIV/AIDS stigma.
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    Public conceptions of schizophrenia in urban Brazil Symptom identification and causal attributions
    (Dr Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, 2008-10-01) Piza Peluso, Erica de Toledo [UNIFESP]; Peres, Clovis de Araujo [UNIFESP]; Blay, Sergio Luis [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective Little is known about public conceptions of mental disorders in Latin America and the Caribbean. the aim of this article is to assess how the population identifies symptoms of schizophrenia and the causes attributed to this disorder in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Method A household survey was carried out in 2002 with a probabilistic sample of 500 individuals, residents of São Paulo with ages ranging from 18 to 65. Vignette describing in colloquial language an individual with schizophrenia (according to DSM-IV and ICD-10) was presented together with a structured questionnaire with questions about the Vignette. Results the symptoms of schizophrenia were identified by 23.4% as depression. the term schizophrenia was used in only 2.2% of the responses. A bit more than half of the respondents believed it was a mental illness. the main causes attributed were drug use and isolation. Factors most influencing responses about causes were years of schooling and identification as a mental illness. Conclusions Medical-scientific concepts are used less in São Paulo than in other countries. the main causes attributed by the public relate to psychosocial stress. Causes of biological or moral nature are considered less relevant.
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    Public Stigma: the Community's Tolerance of Alzheimer Disease
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-02-01) Blay, Sergio Luis [UNIFESP]; Pisa Peluso, Erica Toledo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objectives: To investigate public stigma relating to Alzheimer disease (AD) and variables correlated with this outcome. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: City of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: A representative sample of 500 individuals aged 18-65 years, living within the community. Measurements: Subjects were interviewed to assess three dimensions of stigma (stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination). Stigma was considered present in this study when all three domains were simultaneously fulfilled. Results: the 41.6% of the participants expressed stereotypes; 43.4% prejudice; and 35.5% discrimination. Among the whole sample, 14.8% endorsed the stigma definition criterion adopted for this study. Those with fewer years of education were 2.32 times as likely to stigmatize persons carrying AD. Stigma was unaffected by other sociodemographic variables, experience of mental illness, emotional reactions, or general information about AD. Conclusions: Dimensions of stigma were highly prevalent in relation to AD. Interventions are needed to reduce the negative effects of stigm. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010; 18: 163-171)
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    Representações sociais do estigma e do preconceito na constituição da identidade social dos adolescentes com epilepsia de difícil controle medicamentoso
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-11-21) Muszkat, Regina Silvia Alves [UNIFESP]; Rizzutti, Sueli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This exploratory qualitative study aimed to identify the formation, according to adolescents with epilepsy and their families, of the social representations about the prejudice and stigma in the composition of the social identity of these adolescents and their possible interference in the execution of daily activities and social participation. The observations are thorough: analysis of medical records; a structured questionnaire; home visits and semi-structured interviews with the patient and family. The Bardin Content Analysis is used as an evaluation tool and results are organized as six categories to allow for deepening and correlation of data. The results are: the details of which would be the main social representations inherent prejudice and stigma related epilepsies in the universe of the studied adolescents; the impact of representations on the personal and social identity of these in their family dynamics, in situations of loss of otherness; and finally, we try to understand how and to what extent the social representations, competing with their own seizures, are responsible for the challenges and/or impediments with regard to skill, ability and motivation, when facing the implementation of tasks and social participation of these young people.
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    Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estigma social e alcoolismo
    (Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011-08-01) Silveira, Pollyanna Santos Da [UNIFESP]; Martins, Leonardo Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Soares, Rhaisa Gontijo; Gomide, Henrique Pinto; Ronzani, Telmo Mota; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
    A large number of studies have focused on stigma and its health consequences. Drugs related disorders are pointed as the most stigmatized conditions in Latin America. Thus this paper aims to review the scientific literature about social stigma and alcoholism. A systematic review of literature was accomplished among four databases: LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information), PsycInfo, PubMed and SciELO between 1997 and 2007 with these following keywords: stigma, stereotyped attitudes, stereotyping and alcoholism. Nine articles remained after exclusion and inclusion criteria application and were analyzed. In sum, the studies had no objectives, instruments and population convergence, illustrating an absence of a clear stigma measure method. Moreover the number of studies is not increasing as expected. As a public health concern, more funding and research is needed to development of prevention and rehabilitation procedures.
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    Stigmatizing attitudes of primary care professionals towards people with mental disorders: A systematic review
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Vistorte, Angel O. Rojas [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Wagner Silva [UNIFESP]; Jaen, Denisse [UNIFESP]; Jorge, Miguel Roberto [UNIFESP]; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]
    Objective To examine stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders among primary care professionals and to identify potential factors related to stigmatizing attitudes through a systematic review. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Lilacs, IBECS, Index Psicologia, CUMED, MedCarib, Sec. Est. Saude SP, WHOLIS, Hanseniase, LIS-Localizador de InformacAo em Saude, PAHO, CVSO-Regional, and Latindex, through the Virtual Health Library portal (http://www.bireme.br website) through to June 2017. The articles included in the review were summarized through a narrative synthesis. Results After applying eligibility criteria, 11 articles, out of 19.109 references identified, were included in the review. Primary care physicians do present stigmatizing attitudes towards patients with mental disorders and show more negative attitudes towards patients with schizophrenia than towards those with depression. Older and more experience doctors have more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness compared with younger and less-experienced doctors. Health-care providers who endorse more stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness were likely to be more pessimistic about the patient's adherence to treatment. Conclusions Stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders are common among physicians in primary care settings, particularly among older and more experienced doctors. Stigmatizing attitudes can act as an important barrier for patients to receive the treatment they need. The primary care physicians feel they need better preparation, training, and information to deal with and to treat mental illness, such as a user friendly and pragmatic classification system that addresses the high prevalence of mental disorders in primary care and community settings.
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    A Two-Year Cross-Sectional Study on the Information About Schizophrenia Divulged by a Prestigious Daily Newspaper
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011-09-01) Dubugras, Maria Thereza Bonilha [UNIFESP]; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Kings Coll London
    Media is an important source of information about mental health for the public. the current study analyzed the information about schizophrenia divulged by the largest Brazilian newspaper. A content analysis examined articles on health and news involving affected individuals or suspected cases. the articles were rated against indicators of poor quality reporting and of effective health communication. the presence of myths was examined. the search identified 687 articles, 75 of which fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were selected. the themes with the highest number of articles were mental disorders and violence, treatment, and etiology. Three articles described the social inclusion stories of affected individuals. the coverage addressed genetic factors, drug-induced psychosis risk, and antipsychotic benefits, which may contribute to stigma reduction toward treatment. However, the articles divulged stigmatizing messages, and the entire complexity of the disorder was not discussed. Dangerousness was a common theme, which may invalidate positive messages about social inclusion.